had certain banners in the field, whereupon was painted Christ hanging on the Cross on one side and the chalice with a painted cake in it on the other side, with divers other banners of like hypocrisy and feigned sanctity. The soldiers also had a certain cognisance or badge embroidered or set upon the sleeves of their coats, which was the similitude of the five wounds of Christ, and in the middest thereof was written the name of Our Lord; and this, the rebellious garrison of Satan, with his false and counterfeited signs of holiness set forth and decked themselves, only to delude and deceive the simple and ignorant people.

(1) To what does this refer? How do you arrive at your conclusions ?

(2) What can you infer about the attitude of the writer towards the movement and his opinions?

47. A. The President of Magdalen College in Oxford being dead, the King sent a mandamus to them to choose the Bishop of Oxford to succeed him; but their answer was locus plenus est. The King coming to Oxford, told them that the Church of England men did not use him well, that they had behaved neither like gentlemen nor good subjects, and bid them go presently back to their election and choose the said Bishop, or they should feel how heavy a hand the King had. They went, but returned this answer: they could not make a new choice without committing wilful perjury.

It was generally observed in this progress that the King courted the Dissenters, and discouraged those of the Church of England. The Papists not being numerous enough to contest with the Church of England, he

thought to make that party the stronger by gaining to it the Dissenters, whom he baited with liberty of conscience.

B. The Commissioners did, upon the refusal of the fellows of Magdalen College to own their power or the Bishop of Oxford to be their president, actually expel about 25 fellows, and ordered their names to be struck out of their books.

C. Much expectation of several great men declaring themselves Papists. Lord Tyrconnel gone to succeed the Lord Lieutenant in Ireland', to the astonishment of all sober men, and to the evident ruin of the Protestants in that kingdom, as well as of its great improvement going on. Much discourse that all the white staff Officers [i.e. those attached to the Treasury] and others should be dismissed for adhering to their religion. Popish Justices of the Peace established in all counties of the meanest of the people.

D. The Pope's Nuncio being to make his public entry at Windsor with great solemnity, and the Duke of Somerset, being in waiting, refused to attend us that ceremony; for which he was forbid coming to Court and lost all his places. Five of the six gentlemen of the privy chamber in waiting were put out of their employments for the same cause.

(1) From these extracts what do you gather was the King's policy and who was that King?

(2) What was the object of that policy and would it be generally liked?

(3) Mention any other methods adopted to further that policy.

G.

1 [Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon.]

48. And upon such dispraise as his grace did give unto the said book I delivered the Pope's bull and his brief, brought in my charge opportune, and with the which the King was well contented: here at length showing unto me that it was very joyous to have these tidings from the Pope's Holiness at such time as he had taken upon him the defence of Christ's Church with his pen, before the receipt of the said tidings; and that he will make an end of his book within these [few weeks]; and desiring your grace to provide that within the same space all such as be appointed to examine Luther's books may be congregated together for his highness' perceiving.

Explain the incidents referred to here. Give the date.

49. I. To the intent that idle and loitering persons and valiant beggars may be avoided, and the impotent, feeble and lame, which are the poor in very deed, should be hereafter relieved and well provided for: be it enacted, That the Statute made in the twentysecond year of the late King of famous memory, Henry the Eighth, and also the Statute made in the third and fourth years of the reign of the famous King Edward the Sixth, concerning beggars, vagabonds and idle persons, shall stand in their full force and effect, and shall be also from henceforth justly and truly put in execution.

II. And further be it enacted, That yearly upon the Sunday next after the feast day of the Nativity of St John Baptist, commonly called Midsummer Day, in

every borough the mayor or other head officers for the time being, and in every other parish of the country the parson and churchwardens shall have written in a register as well the names of the inhabitants and householders within their city or parish, as also the names of all such impotent, aged and needy persons as be within their city or parish, which are not able to live of themselves nor with their own labour; and shall openly in the church and quietly after divine service call the said householders and inhabitants together and shall appoint yearly two able persons or more, to be gatherers and collectors of the charitable alms of all the residue of the people inhabiting in the parish whereof they be chosen collectors for the relief of the poor: which collection the Sunday next after their election, or the Sunday following, if need require, when the people are at the church at divine service, shall gently ask and demand of every man and woman what they of their charity will be contented to give weekly towards the relief of the poor, and the same to be written in the said register: and the said gatherers shall justly gather and truly distribute the same charitable alms weekly to the said poor and impotent persons without fraud, covin, favour or affection, and after such sort that the more impotent may have the more help, and such as can get part of their living to have the less, and by the discretion of the collectors to be put in such labour as they be fit and able to do, but none to go or sit openly a-begging upon pain limited in the aforesaid statutes.

VII. And be it further enacted, That if any person, being able to further this charitable work, do obstinately refuse reasonably to give towards the help and relief of

the poor, or do wilfully discourage other from so charitable a deed, the parson and churchwardens of the parish wherein he dwelleth shall then gently exhort him towards the relief of the poor; and if he will not so be persuaded, then the bishop of the diocese shall send for him, to induce him by charitable means to extend his charity to the poor, and if the person so sent for shall obstinately refuse to give weekly to the relief of the poor according to his abilities, then the bishop shall have authority to commit the said obstinate person to prison.

Summarize the main ideas relating to the relief of the poor as set forth in this extract from the Elizabethan poor law.

50. I. That the Earl of Clarendon hath designed a standing army to be raised, and to govern the kingdom thereby; advised the King to dissolve the present parliament; to lay aside all thoughts of parliament for the future; to govern by military power.

II. That he hath, in hearing of many of his Majesty's subjects, falsely and seditiously said, the King was in his heart a Papist, Popishly-affected; or words to that effect.

XI. That he advised and effected the Sale of Dunkirk to the French King, being Part of his Majesty's Dominions.

XVI. That he hath deluded and betrayed his Majesty and the Nation in foreign Treaties and Negociations relating to the late War.