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and fired upon them. The ringleaders were tried on the 27th by a Council of War, and several of them executed. The damage done by the fire is estimated at from 300,000 to 400,000 crowns.

SWEDEN.

Prince Oscar, son of the Crown Prince Bernadotte, took his seat on the 15th July as a member of the Swedish Council of State, on which occasion the King addressed a speech to him from the throne. The Crown Prince also made a solemn address to the King and to the Prince his son. Prince Oscar has been appointed Viceroy of Norway.

A letter in a Hamburgh paper describes certain measures which have been adopted by the Government of Sweden for the suppression of foreign trade, by bringing back the manners of the people from modern refinements to the standard of their ancient simplicity. Voluntary associations are forming in the different provinces, for laying aside the use of all foreign articles,-for wearing no clothes of foreign manufacture, -for using no liquors except such as are made at home, and for retrenching all superfluous expences at weddings, christenings, burials, &c. This system is too artificial to last, and we may be assured that, however strictly it may be enforced for a time, it will soon be evaded in all points. Restraints of any sort on the domestic habits of a country are always felt to be extremely irksome; there is consequently a perpetual tendency to shake them off, and thus it has always been found, that any system of sumptuary laws for restraining the private expences of individuals, has invariably given way before the improving habits and tastes of the community.

According to a table, describing the civil state of Sweden, 344 children at the breast were, during the year 1814, smothered by their mothers or nurses while asleep; and in the following year, 369 died through this kind of imprudence.

RUSSIA.

An attempt to raise coal, that prime article of fuel, is now about to be made, under the immediate patronage of the Emperor. The spot fixed upon for this purpose is in the vicinity of Tula-Tula, celebrated for its extensive iron-works, and especially recollected at this time, from the circumstance of Bonaparte's defeated intention of destroying them. Tula is the capital of the government of that name, distant from Moscow one hundred and fifteen miles, and situate on the river Upha, in long. 37. 24. east, and lat. 54. 10. north. This undertaking (the success of which will form an epocha never to be forgotten in the annals of the Russian empire) is under the immediate patronage, we might have added, and at the

instance of the truly patriotic and enlightened Alexander. All the measures were concerted in London with his Excellency Count Lieven, the Russian ambassador; and on the 20th ult. Mr Longmire, of Whitehaven, (the director and actuary in this important concern,) proceeded from hence to London, with an assistant draftsman, and four pitmen, belonging to Whitehaven, and two borers, previously engaged at Newcastle. They sailed from Gravesend for St Petersburgh, on the first of this month; all their equipments for the voyage being on the most liberal scale. We understand they are to winter at Moscow, except a few occasional visits to Tula, as the season may allow, and to commence operations after that as early as the climate will permit.

TURKEY.

A famous leader of pirates, named Catramatto, who was conveyed to Constantinople in the beginning of May from Negropont, in a Turkish brig, has been hanged by or der of the government of Galata, and six or seven sailors suffered at the same time, as an example to deter others from the like offences. As Catramatto was a native of the Ionian Islands, and no English interpreter attended at the trial, the circumstance of his condemnation has given rise to some ex

planatory interviews between the British

minister and the agents of the Sublime Porte. Three heads have been lately exposed at the gate of the Seraglio of some rebellious chiefs, which have been transmitted by the command of the Pacha of Aleppo.

Eleven pirates have been conducted to Constantinople, and executed in the following manner: They began by hanging one before the shops of the market, and left him exposed three days, after which they hanged a second, and so on with the others. The execution thus lasted for 33 days.

ASIA.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

The Sydney Gazette, of the 2d of March, states the execution of W. Longford, for a highway robbery, who, when confessing his former offences to the clergyman under the gallows, said, that the one which gave him the greatest concern was the murder of an unfortunate man who kept a toll-gate at or near Cheltenham; that he regretted the circumstance the more, as the man had a large family; that he shot him for an attempt to stop him, in September 1811; no person had been exccuted for the crime, though many had been apprehended and examined on suspicion, as he had himself been. He said he was transported to the

colony for desertion, and had committed many offences in England upon the high

way.

EAST INDIES.

An overland dispatch has been received from India, from the governor of Bombay, dated 22d March, and communicating the important intelligence of the taking of the fortress of Hattrass by the British army. This fortress belonged to a chief of the name of Diaram, who, having given cause of offence to the British government, refused all explanation of his conduct. War having been in consequence resolved upon, the British troops immediately took the field, and being arrived before the place, summoned it to surrender. The enemy refusing to capitulate, it was determined to carry the place by storm. With this view a heavy bombardment was commenced, and Congreve rockets were used with the most destructive effect. A bomb falling on the magazine, occasioned a tremendous explosion, which destroyed numbers in the garrison, and finally enabled the assailants to gain possession of the fortress. The loss of the British by the fire of the enemy was inconsiderable. The Madras Gazette, of the 15th March, contains the following distressing account: "We are concerned to state a melancholy account which occurred in Columbo harbour on the 27th of January, by the upsetting of one of the boats belonging to his Majesty's ship Iphigenia. From the accounts received, it appears that a party of officers belonging to his Majesty's 73d regiment, had proceeded on board the Iphigenia on that day to join with the officers of the ship, and that on their return in the evening, the boat unfortunately upset, by which distressing occurrence no less than seven lives were lost. Ensigns Campbell, Coane, and Hanwell, of his Majesty's 73d regiment, and Lieutenant Sanders of his Majesty's shop Iphigenia, two seamen, and one boy, were drowned; the remaining seven got

safe on shore."

Advices from Bombay to the 16th March state, that the trade to the Persian Gulf has been most dreadfully annoyed for a length of time by the Jooffmel pirates, who had no less than forty cruizers at sea. On the 6th January, three of them attacked and captured, after a smart action, the Deriah, Doulut, belonging to the East India Company. Seventeen of the crew were murdered, eight detained as prisoners, and the remainder, who were wounded, were landed to the westward of Bombay. The pirates were armed with six nine pounders, and carried from 100 to 200 men. The Union, Captain Barker, is stated to have been wrecked alout fifteen months previous to the above date, near the island of Engano. The captain, three officers, and forty-seven men, had reached the island, where they were stripped and detained prisoners; one

of them, a native of Bativa, had escaped, and brought the above intelligence.

His Majesty's ship Alceste was lost on a rock off the north end of Middle Island, in the Straits of Gasper, on or about the 17th of February; she was last from Manilla ; struck about seven o'clock in the morning. They landed on Middle Island; no lives lost. Lord Amherst went to Batavia with three of the ship's boats, and about forty men. The Ternate, one of the Honourable Company's cruizers, immediately sailed for the wreck, and found them (Captain Maxwell and about 225 people, who were on Middle Island) surrounded by seven or eight hundred Malays, expecting an attack from them every moment. They all left the wreck, and went to Batavia in the Ternate.

The letters from the Mauritius by the Pallas, which sailed the 8th of April last, convey very gloomy intelligence of the state of that colony. In consequence of the dreadful fire, houses of the highest commercial character have required ten and six years to meet their engagements. All metallic money has disappeared; and the local Treasury has been compelled to issue notes for sums so low as a rupee. These are depreciated in the Bazaar; and, even in exchange for brass money, the holder is compelled to allow a premium. The second expedition to Madagascar has experienced as disastous a result as the first experiment. Before the Pallas sailed, the Musquito sloop of war was dispatched from Port Louis to bring back the survivors; but it was feared, from the dreadful mortality, that all the new settlers had perished, amongst whom was Governor Farquhar's aide-de-camp, Lieutenant-Governor Le Sage.

CHINA.

The failure of the late embassy to China has been ascribed to certain impositions practised by the Chinese officers of state on the Emperor; and the fact is now placed beyond doubt by an imperial edict, a copy of which we now subjoin, extracted from the Pekin Gazette of the 4th September 1816. It is a singular production, conveying, amidst a pompous simplicity, some very sensible admonition.

"On the present occasion of the English nation sending envoys with the tribute of valuable offerings, as they could not, when at Tiensing, return thanks for the feast agreeably to the regulated form, the conducting them again to their boats, for the purpose of proceeding farther north, was the fault of Su-ling-gue and Quanghoy.

"When they were at Tongchew, and had not yet practised the ceremony-the framing a confused and indistinct report, and then conducting them at once to court, was the fault of Ho-she-tay and New-ketong-gue. Finally, on the 7th day, I, the Emperor, having issued my orders, and ascended into the imperial hall, called the

envoys to an audience; but the envoys and sinte had travelled from Tongchew all night, and had come direct to the palace gate, without stopping by the way at their appointed residence; and their dresses of ceremony not having arrived, they could not present themselves before me. If at that time Ho-she-tay had addressed to me a true report, I, the Emperor, would certainly have issued my commands, and have changed the time of the audience, in order to correspond with their intentions in coming ten thousand miles to my court. On the contrary, he addressed to me repeated reports, expressed in disrepectful language, in consequence of which the envoys were sent back, and the ceremonies could not be completed. The error and mismanagement of Ho-she-tay in this affair are wholly in

excusable.

"The arrangements for the business of the day had already been made. Excepting the minister Totsin, who was absent from illness, and Toukao and Leu-yin-po, whose attendance had not been required, all the assisting princes, grandees, and great officers of state, as well as all the great officers of the palace, were in waiting in the antichambers. Many of them must have been eye-witnesses of the whole affair, and must have known in their hearts that it was their duty to have made a true report of it to me, and to have solicited me to alter the period of the audience; yet they sat unmoved while the affair was thus going wrong. Though Ho-she-tay was visibly alarmed and in error, no one stood forward to set him right.

"After the imperial audience took place, some persons who knew the truth, disclosed Ho-she-tay's error and irresolution; but why did they not address me at the time in his stead? or if they dared not go that length, why did they not at least awaken Ho-she-tay, and cause him to report the truth? Thus it is, that when public business occurs, their countenances are always placid and composed-they sit unmoved,

and see its failure with indifference.

Such

conduct, whenever it occurs in any situation of hazard or difficulty, one cannot behold without sighing deeply.

"The affair in which Ho-she-tay has erred is in itself a very small one; yet even in this the officers of the court have been found destitute of any expedient for the service of their country. For the future let them eradicate all selfish principles: whenever there is any defect of fidelity or public spirit, let no one plead that it is an affair which does not individually concern him-let all look up, and diligently regu late their conduct according to the true spirit of the admonitions I have repeatedly given them.-Respect this."

Letters are said to be received from Canton, dated on the 8th of March, which state that the Emperor of China has sent a

letter to the Prince Regent, requiring that no more embassies be sent to the "Celestial Empire." The Anti-English party at the Chinese court is reported in the same letters to have been restored to the Emperor's favour, notwithstanding his severe edict of censure against them.

The latest accounts from Canton state, that much discontent prevails among the people of Cochin-China, occasioned by the king nominating for his successor a son of one of his concubines. The Emperor of China, who pretends to have a right to interfere in the appointment of the kings of that country, has expressed his displeasure at the nomination.

AFRICA.

ALGIERS.

The plague broke out in Algiers on the 15th July, to which place it was introduced by a caravan of Moors returning from Mecco, who afterwards proceeded over land to Morocco; and the disease now rages all along the coast. The religion of the natives not allowing them to take any precautions against infection, it is to be feared that the mortality will spread its ravages without control.

TRIPOLI.

The Dey of Tripoli has presented the Prince Regent of Great Britain with such remains of antiquity as are moveable at Lebyda, which is famous for being the site of Carthage. The Weymouth storeship is now on her voyage thither, for the land those ancient monuments, which are purpose of receiving and carrying to Engrepresented as highly curious, and illustrastated, that the Dey has offered protection tive of that once splendid capital. It is ropean who is willing to attempt the journey as far as his authority extends, to any Eufrom Tripoli to Tombuctoo. This, however, will prove but trifling, as the greatest danger exists after quitting his territories, as the road lies then directly across the Great Desart.

ST HELENA.

The Lucy and Mary, recently arrived at Portsmouth, left St Helena on the 17th of June. The Lady Campbell, from Bengal and Madras, was to sail on the 20th. Bonaparte was well. He had lately received a bust of his son, which afforded him much evident satisfaction. It was given in charge to a sailor, of the ship Baring, (it was believed,) who, upon his arrival at the island, was to concert the most prudent means of conveying it to its destination. The man became dangerously ill, before the opportunity of executing his secret commission presented itself; and sending for his com

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"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President be, and he is hereby authorized to consult and negociate with all the Governments where Ministers of the United States are, or shall be accredited, on the means of effecting an entire and immediate abolition of the traffic in slaves: and also, to enter into a convention with the Government of Great Britain for receiving into the colony of Sierra Leone such of the free people of colour of the United States as, with their own consent, shall be carried thither, stipulating such

terms as shall be most beneficial to the colonists while it promotes the peaceful interests of Great Britain and the United States; and should this proposition not be accepted, then to obtain from Great Britain and the other maritime powers, a stipulation or a formal declaration to the same effect, guaranteeing a permanent neutrality for any colony of free people of colour, which, at the expence, and under the auspices of the United States, shall be established on the African coast.

"Resolved, That adequate provision shall hereafter be made to defray any necessary expences which may be incurred in carry ing the preceding resolution into effect."

The new President, Mr Monro, is continuing his tour, and is every where entertained with great magificence.

Joseph Bonaparte has purchased of S. Sayer, Esq. formerly Sheriff of London, his elegant seat at Bordentown, on the Jersey side of the Delaware, which he is rebuilding in the Italian style. His income is about £6000 per annum; and he passes his time chiefly in his library, and in retirement.

BRITISH AMERICA.

Letters from Halifax, of the 16th July, state, that numerous vessels continued to arrive there with emigrants from Great Britain. Within the three weeks immediately preeeding that date, about 1000 individuals

had been landed, and immense numbers were on their way to Canada. The brig Traveller, from Leith, with 60 emigrants, foundered at sea in the month of May, but the passengers and crew were saved by the ship Valiant, and landed at Prince Edward's Island in the Gulf at St Lawrence.

PORTUGUESE AMERICA.

The account, in our last number, of the restoration of the royal authority at Pernambuco has been confirmed. The troops from Bahia were attacked by the insurgents on the 15th May, when an action took place which lasted all night, after which the insurgent force appears to have dispersed. On the 16th, Martinez, the leader of the insurrection, at the head of a small column, was attacked by a corps of 300 men, by whom he was defeated, and afterwards taken prisoner, and carried to Bahia, where he was executed on the 11th June. About 70 other prisoners were about to be tried, and it was expected would share the same fate. Letters from Pernambuco of the 26th June state, that every thing was tranquil there, but that trade was still in a deranged The property of those who had engaged in the insurrection was confiscated.

state.

SPANISH AMERICA.

The accounts from this interesting portion of South America are more uniformly favourable to the patriot cause than during an early stage of their important and protracted struggle. Their privateering has of late proved a lucrative trade, and with the spoils of their land engagements, increased their means of sup porting the contest.-On the 8th May, the independent government of Venezuela were enabled to revive their former constitution. General Bolivar and Don Fernando Toro were placed at the head of the executive power. Judges and other functionaries were also chosen, and Generals Bolivar and Marino were reinstated in the command of the armies.-A decree was at the same time issued, confirming Brion as admiral in chief of the Venezuelian squadron. Among other things, it was determined that the city of Assumption, in the island of Margarita, should be the future residence of the federal government, and that its name should henceforth be changed to that of New Sparta, in consequence of the heroic conduct of its inhabitants.

This Government has issued a decree permitting English and American goods to be imported for a duty of 8 per cent., instead of the 17 exacted from other nations; but promising to these other nations the same mitigation of impost whenever they shall shew to the patriots the same conciliatory disposition.

In Chili, at the opposite extremity of the Spanish empire, and in some respects the most interesting region of the western world,

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the arms of the patriots were triumphant. On the 15th March they had taken possession of Valparaiso; and accounts from Buenos Ayres, of the 10th May, state, that after driving the royalists from all the strong places in the country, the insurgent armies were pressing forward into Peru. Many of the Chilian patriots, who had been banished to Juan Fernandes, had been brought back to St Jago in triumph.

The patriot army in Mexico, under General Mina, had, by the last accounts, left Sotala Marina for New St Ander, the capital of a district of the same name. His army was receiving constant reinforcements of young men as he passed through the country; and every thing promised the most favourable result for the cause of Mexican liberty.

In the beginning of August, a vessel sailed from Portsmouth for St Thomas's, with 10,000 stand of arms, 10,000 muskets, and 10,000 cutlasses on board; and also about 100 British officers, volunteers, to join the independent cause in South America. The Spanish minister in London complained of this to Lord Castlereagh, who told him, that nolaw existed from preventing British officers on half-pay from leaving the kingdom, or throwing up their commissions. The ambassador replied, that if they were taken in

company with rebels, they must expect to meet with rebel fate. To this observation Lord Castlereagh had nothing to reply, except that British officers so circumstanced must abide by the consequences.

WEST INDIES.

The Jamaica papers contain details relative to the predatory vessels with which the West Indies is infested. At Jamaica they give the appellation of pirates to their crews, and denounce vengeance against them. The trade of that island seems to have suffered most severely from their depredations. Nor is the evil likely to be lessened speedily, for Commodore Taylor, as he is styled, a bold and adventurous leader, has collected no less than 13 armed vessels in these seas. His immediate object was represented to be an attack on Porto Rico, the richest of the Spanish West India Islands, and close to St Domingo. Much of course depends upon the dispositions of the troops and inhabitants. The Jamaica Courant, of the 16th

of May, says, "Information from home states, that Lord Melville had forwarded to this island positive instructions to check in every instance the piratical depredations of any flag which may be found annoying the commerce of this colony."

BRITISH CHRONICLE.

JULY.

5.-Destruction, by Fire, of a SteamBoat. The Regent steam-packet sailed from London on Wednesday morning last for Margate, with about fifty persons on board; and about four in the afternoon, she was discovered to be on fire, which was occasioned by the flue of the chimney being blown away, and the flame having caught hold of the wood work erected upon deck for keeping the people near the chimney from burning themselves. The captain immediately determined to make to land, Whitstable being then eight miles distant, which he reached in the course of an hour, the fire raging in the interior of the vessel during the time, and causing a scene of terror upon deck altogether indescribable. Three boats from Whitstable took the passengers and crew on shore, after the vessel grounded, and, in less than three minutes afterwards, the decl in, and every part of the vessel was ultimately consumed, except the keel and engine, which, on the ebbing of the tide, were found buried in the sand.

18.-Launch. Yesterday was launched from the King's dock-yard at Deptford, a new yacht, named the Royal George. The

VOL. I.

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Board of Admiralty, Comptroller, and Commissioners of the Navy, were present, as also a large assemblage of persons who filled the several booths erected for witness

ing the ceremony. This vessel is one of the most elegant ever seen. The cabin doors are of mahogany, with gilt mouldings, and the windows of plate glass. Ornamental devices, in abundance, are placed in various parts all highly gilt, and produced a superb appearance.

By a Parliamentary paper, it appears that there are about twenty individuals who have dividends due to them upon the Orphan Fund for various periods, from the year 1694 downwards. In one case the interest due is nearly five times greater than the principal.

Statement of the quantity of porter brewed by the twelve principal houses in London, from 5th July 1816 to July 1817:--

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