their depredations, and to wreak his vengeance on them, by the moft severe retaliation.

To clear the character of this unfortunate army, and to wipe off the reproaches that had been (according to the account here given) moft unjustly caft on them, is the defign of this little tract, which furnishes direct, and (to us) fatisfactory anfwers to the principal charges which have been brought against both officers and men. We must admit the ftatement of the facts as here given, and which is fanctioned by the names of 53 of the furviving, Captains, Lieutenants, Enfigns, &c. whofe fignature is dated at Bombay, Feb. 15, 1787. We hope, and truft, for the honour of our gallant countrymen, that the facts here recited are strictly true, in every particular; in which cafe the vindication will be decifive and complete.

NEGROE SLAVERY.

Art. 25. Letters on the Slave Trade, first published in Wheeler's Manchefter Chronicle, fince reprinted with Additions and Alterations. By Thomas Cooper, Efq. 8vo. No Price, nor Publisher *. The arguments for abolishing the flave-trade, have, as moft of our readers must recollect, been frequently prefented to the public, by different authors. We have ftated thefe arguments in various articles which have appeared in our Journal, fo that a repetition of them, in this place, would be needlefs.

Mr. Cooper has, in thefe letters, abridged the writings of preceding authors on this fubject, and added many observations of his own. He has also answered, in a brief but in a very fatisfactory manner, the arguments, or rather the excufes, which flave dealers, and flave holders, have alleged, in reply to the various charges that have been brought against them.

Art. 26. A Letter to the Treasurer of the Society inftituted for effecting the Abolition of the Slave-trade. From the Rev. Robert Boucher Nickolls, Dean of Middleham. I2mo. zd. Phillips. 1787. Among the many juft arguments brought by the Rev. Letterwriter, for the fuppreffion of our infernal trade in human flesh, he contends, that the natural increase of the negroes in warm climates, confequently in the Weft-India iflands, and under good treatment, would be fully adequate to the cultivation of the plantations, &c. &c. This being admitted, no argument remains for the continuation of the traffic for African negroes but what will be fuggefted by the private interest of a few individuals, chiefly on this fide of the Atlantic.' The Dean of Middleham, being himself a native of the Weft Indies, appears to write from a perfonal acquaintance with the nature of the diabolical bufinefs, which he has here very properly inveftigated, and, though in a small compafs, fully difplayed, to the conviction, as we apprehend, of every impartial reader.

There feems, and we are fincerely glad to fee it, a general dispofition, among all ranks of people in this country, to put an end to this cruel and infamous fpecies of merchandise. May its extinction speedily take place! When that happens, our worthy Author doubts not but that the condition of slavery in the islands will be meliorated;

We believe the pamphlet is circulated gratis.
F

Rev. Jan. 1788.

the

the negroes will be more tractable, more readily acquire the regard of thofe among whom they were born, and be more eafily converted to Christianity, because they might be more eafily informed; till, at length, by the mild and uniform operation of Chriftian principles, flavery itself may be abolished.

This little interefting tract is well written; and, for humanity's fake, we heartily recommend it to the public.

IRISH ROMAN CATHOLICS.

Art. 27. A Letter to Dr. James Butler, of Ireland, occafioned by his late Publication, entitled, A Juftification of the Tenets of the Roman Catholic Religion." By Philemon. 8vo. Is. Riving

tons.

This is a loose attack on Dr. Butler, principally intended to impeach the temporal allegiance which accepts an ecclefiaftical title from a foreign Power, to exercise fpiritual jurisdiction in a Protestant state. As for the reft of the Letter, Philemon inveighs, not in the most courteous ftyle, against priest-craft, clerical avarice, luxury, and ambition, in general; topics which do not peculiarly apply to Dr. Butler in particular, nor, directly, to the controversy in which he is engaged. There may be many truths in this Letter, but they are random hot. Many Chriftians are eager for controverfy; but Chriftianity was never yet feen in company with difcord!

BIOGRAPHY.

Art. 28. My own Life. By C. Efte, Clerk. 8vo. 1s. 6d. Egerton, &c. 1787.

The ingenious Author, who has been much diftinguished by his contributions to the public prints, taking offence at an erroneous account which lately appeared in one of the daily papers of his birth, parentage, and education, life, character, and behaviour,' has here given what we are to regard as his true perfonal history. Mr. Efte appears to poffefs confiderable talents, as a writer; but he has a very peculiar manner of difplaying them, his ftyle and diction being frequently fo involved and obfcure, that he who runs' will not always be able to 'read' and comprehend him, unless he stops to look more attentively at what is written. Yet, fometimes, his turn of expreffion is happy and elegant.

This Rev. Gentleman is, we fuppofe, the fame person who, in 1776, published Tracts on Medical Subjects:' See Review, vol. Iv. p. 315. He was then of the Apothecary's Company.'

AMERICAN.

Art. 29. The prefent State of Maryland. By the Delegates of the People. 8vo. 1s. Baltimore printed. London reprinted. Stockdale. 1787.

From the statement here fet forth, it appears, that in Maryland there is not a fufficient quantity of gold and filver for the medium of trade, and for the purpose of taxation. The Delegates therefore propofe a plan for remedying the evils under which the state labours: they recommend the emiffion of paper money, on the fecurity of landed property. Many arguments are brought in fupport of the project,

which was however rejected by the Senate. The pamphlet contains also an account of the public debt of the ftate of Maryland, with the refources for difcharging it, and for fupporting the ordinary government expences.

MATHEMATICS.

Art. 30. A Syftem of Naval Mathematics; or, Practical Rules of the Art of Navigation. Intended for the Ufe of Schools, and Young Mariners. By J. Bettefworth, Mafter of the Naval Academy at Chelsea. 12mo. 5 s. Boards. Wenman. 1787.

Elementary books feem to multiply without end. The reafon is, we fuppofe, that every teacher prefers his own method. Mr. Bettefworth's book may answer as an introduction to navigation, but the student will find many practical rules wanting in it. The Appendix contains a neat method of approximating the latitude, from two obferved altitudes of the fun, and the time between the observations be ing given: but why is it neceffary to approximate, when the problem may be determinately folved?

POLICE.

Art. 31. The True Alarm! an Effay, fhewing the pernicious Influence of Houses of Industry on the political Interests of this Country. 8vo. I s. 6d. Robinfons, &c. 1787.

The subject of this tract is of great confequence. The Author argues, with much earnestness, and fome degree of warmth, against the inftitution of Houfes of Induftry, for incorporated diftricts, or hundreds; which innovation, he apprehends, will greatly contribute not only toward depopulating the country, but to the fubduing the native, manly fpirit of the lower ranks of the people, who, poor as they may be, he obferves, are our great dependance for protection, fhould our national intereft or fafety be in danger, from foreign invafion, or domeftic broils, and who, poor as the loweft are, ought not, furely, to have their condition rendered ftill worfe, by reducing them to a state of flavery *, in the fatal confequences of which, even their fuperiors might, in time, be involved. Of what moment,' fays our Author, can it poffibly be to a wretch who has not the liberty of walking out, beyond a certain boundary, that the kingdom is not threatened by a foreign enemy, or that it is not torn by inteftine commotions? Nay, is it not more likely that he should rejoice at seeing the nation in confufion, fince, in that cafe, he might entertain a hope, that, in a general wreck and pillage, in which it was impoffible for him to fuftain a lofs, he might feize upon fomething by which he might benefit himself?'

We think there is fome fhrewdness in the foregoing obfervation. Our fenfible Author has alfo placed the subject in feveral other very ftriking points of view, particularly with regard to the prejudice which the lower claffes of the people will receive from the institutions in queftion, in regard to their confinement, and confequent lofs of

* A circumftance highly aggravated, when industrious people, known to earn by their labour a comfortable maintenance, are forced into these work-houfes; of which our Author gives a remark able inftance.

F 2

health,

health, and decrease of population. Many of his arguments on fome heads, appear, if we mistake not, to be drawn from what he has feen and remarked in the management, and in the effects, of this branch of police at Norwich; with respect to which he seems to be well informed. In a word, we cannot but recommend this publication to the perufal of all who employ their thoughts on this truly interefting and important topic. A complete revifal of the laws relative to the poor is certainly much wanted; and as the attention of the public, in general, hath been of late, in a confiderable degree, directed to the fubject, we hope the wifhed-for reformation will foon take place. In the mean time, we with the intelligent Author of this pamphlet would favour us with his ideas of fuch inftitutions as he would recommend, to replace those which he has here so strongly reprobated or, at least, with fuch hints of improvement, or reftrictions, as may ferve to render the plans lefs liable to the objections which have been made to them.

HERALDRY, &c. .

Art. 32. Fielding's New Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ire land: Containing the Origin and Progrefs of Honours, Manner of creating Peers, Orders of Knighthood, Introduction to Heraldry, with an Heraldic Dictionary, and a complete extinct Peer- age. Small 12mo. 6s. Boards. Fielding. 1788.

A neat and cheap compendium of every thing relative to the subject. As it is one of the lateft, fo it may reasonably be fuppofed one of the most complete productions of the kind that the industry of our modern compilers hath produced in this very peculiar branch of science. We fay fuppofed; for our readers will fcarcely expect that every page of a book of Peerage and Heraldry hath undergone our ftrictest and most critical examination.

Art. 33. Heraldry in Miniature; containing all the Arms, Crefts, Supporters, and Mottoes, of the Peers, Peereffes, and Bifhops of England, Scotland, and Ireland; with the Baronets of Great Britain; and the Infignia of the different Orders of Knighthood. Alfo an Introduction to the Science of Heraldry, a Dictionary of Heraldic Terms, an Index to the Peers, their Mottoes tranflated, &c. &c. Sm. 8vo. 2s. 6d. fewed. Rivingtons, &c. 1788. Similar to the foregoing Peerage, and equally useful, as far as relates to the particulars mentioned in the ample title. As to the pedigrees of the Peers, which make fo large a portion of Fielding's compilement, they could not be expected in this fmaller publication; but we have here the arms of the Baronets of England, which the former has not: it has also received later corrections, and is more convenient for the pocket. The engravings in each are very neat, and we know not which to prefer.

MEDICA L.

Art. 34. Reports of the Humane Society for the Recovery of Perfons apparently drowned; for the Years 1785 and 1786. 8vo. 3s. fewed. Dodfley. 1787.

Thefe reports fully evince the utility of the Society. Since the inftitution in 1774, the number of perfons who have been recovered

16

amounts

amounts to 897. The cafes are briefly related, and a few remarks, are added: The Editor has also given an account of fimilar focieties: having been established at Tewksbury, Whitehaven, Norwich, and Bristol.

Some letters from Mr. Kite of Gravefend, and from Mr. Sherwin of Enfield, on the fubject of fufpended animation, are annexed. Mr. Sherwin's first letter recommends transfufion, as a ftimulus for the recovery of perfons apparently dead. The mifchiefs that arofe from transfufion were fo great, in the latter end of the last century, as to require the interpofition of the law, and the practice was wifely. prohibited by the magiftrates. The abfurdity of the operation would deter a rational phyfician from ufing it, as its fatal confequences would the experienced practifer. At Paris, about the year 1668, it was performed on 500 human fubjects, two of whom only were benefited by the operation. Mr. Sherwin fays, Eight or ten ounces of warm blood, from the arm of a strong vigorous healthy man, tranffufed by the jugular vein of the torpid patient, may find a ready admiffion into the right auricle and ventricle of the heart. Its warmth, its fluidity, its recent communication with the atmosphere, by the lungs of the living perfon, will all contribute to render it efficacious in exciting the punctum faliens, on which the fuccefs of the process muft ever depend. We have read of, nay we have seen, the punctum faliens of an embryo, but the pun&um faliens of an adult hath hitherto escaped our obfervation. Mr. Sherwin fays, There are many phæ nomena which flatly contradict the idea of Dr. Priestley, that the of fice of the lungs is to discharge the phlogiston of the blood.' These phænomena, however, are not even enumerated; we doubt whether any fuch exift; at least we have never feen any arguments that have been fufficiently weighty to destroy Dr. Priestley's admirable theory refpecting the office of the lungs.

A reward of a gold medal is advertised for the beft effay on the moft judicious modes of practice in cafes of fufpended animation; and a filver one to the fecond in point of merit. The Effays to be fent to Dr. Hawes on or before the first of March 1788. The Medical Society of London is to determine their merits.

Art. 35. Remarks on the Ophthalmy, Pforophthalmy, and purulent Eye. With Methods of Cure, and Cafes annexed. By James Ware, Surgeon. The fecond Edition. 8vo. 3s. Dilly. 1787.

The first edition of this fmall but useful publication, was noticed in the fixty-third volume of our Review, p. 433. It is now republished with some new cafes, which fully prove the efficacy of Mr. Ware's rational method of cure in various diseases of the eye. Art. 36. Practical Obfervations on the Puerperal Fever; wherein the Nature of that Difeafe is inveftigated, and a Method of Cure, which has hitherto proved fuccefsful, recommended By Philip Pitt Walsh, M. D. Member of the College of Physicians, &c. &c. 8vo. Is. 6d. Dilly. 1787.

Dr. Walsh confiders the puerperal fever not as a disorder fui generis, confined to INLYING WOMEN, but merely an unusual form of a very common disease.' Are we to conclude from this expreffion, that the difeafe called by our beft writers a child-bed-fever is not a

F 3

child