intended for mere parade and vain show he will have none of it though it cost nothing. He thinks it wise and good economy to spend a great deal of money, if he can afford it, to render home attractive and to make his children wise and virtuous and happy. Above all he never grudges what is paid to the schools and other mediums of education for their intellectual and moral training; for a good education he deems above all price. Fourth The young business man if he be wise will entirely avoid the use of liquors. If the question of harm done by intoxicating liquors is an open one the question of the actual good derived from it is not. Fifth Let him remember that a young man's strongest recommendation is his respectability. Some young men apparently successful may be flashy in dress, loud in manner, and disrespectful of women and sacred things, but the young man who is respectful always wears best. The way a young man carries himself in his private life oftentimes means much to him in his business career. No matter where he is or in whose company, respectability, and all that it implies, will always command respect. Sixth The successful man of business feels that he has duties not only to his immediate relatives and friends, but to a larger family - the community in which he lives. He is deeply interested in its virtue and happiness and feels bound to contribute his full share to the establishment and support of all good institutions, particularly the institutions of learning, humanity, and religion. He is led to this by the extensive liberalizing spirit of his calling. It is unfortunately the tendency of some occupations to narrow the mind and contract the heart. The mere division of labor incident to and inseparable from many mechanical and manufacturing pursuits, though important and beneficial in other respects, yet serves to dwarf and cramp the intellect. The man who spends all his days in making the heads of pins thinks of nothing else and is fit for nothing else. Commercial pursuits, on the other hand, being so various, extensive, and complicated, tend to enlarge the mind and banish narrow and selfish feelings. The merchant, for instance, looks abroad over the world, puts a girdle around the earth, has communication with all climes and nations and is thus ready to take large and liberal views of all things. The wealth which he has acquired easily and rapidly he is consequently disposed to spend freely and magnificently. It has been splendidly said of Roscoe, a distinguished Liverpool merchant: "Wherever you go you perceive traces of his footsteps in all that is elegant and liberal. He found the tide of wealth flowing merely in the channels of traffic; he has diverted from it invigorating rills to refresh the gardens of literature. The noble institutions of literary and scientific purposes which reflect such credit on that city have mostly been originated and they all have been effectually promoted by him." In like manner the successful business. man encourages learning and patronizes learned men. : Seventh The virtue of patience cannot be too strongly emphasized. The electric atmosphere of the American business world is all too apt to make young men impatient. They want to fly before they can even walk well. Ambition is a splendid thing in any young man, but getting along too fast is just as injurious as getting along too slowly. Men between twenty and twenty-five must be patient. Patience is, it is true, a difficult thing to cultivate, but it is among the first lessons one must learn in business. A good stock of patience acquired in early life will stand a man in good stead in later years. It is a handy thing to have to draw upon, and makes a splendid safety valve. Rome was not built in a day and a business man is not made in a night; as experience comes, the judgment will become mature, and by the time the young man reaches thirty he will begin to realize that he did not know as much at twenty-five as he thought he did. When he is ready to learn from others he will begin to grow wise, and when he reaches that state when he is willing to consider that he has not a "corner" in knowledge, he will be stepping out of the chrysalis of the immature business man. If a young man wishes a set of concise rules to govern his undertakings, here it is : Get into a business you like. Devote yourself to it. Be honest in everything. Employ caution; think out a thing well before you enter upon it. Sleep eight hours every night. Do everything that means keeping in good health. School yourself not to worry; worry kills, work does not. Avoid liquors of all kinds. If you smoke, smoke moderately. Shun discussion on two points, religion and politics. And last, but not least, marry a true woman and have your own home. CHAPTER XXVI. WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK. ON PARAMOUNT ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS WESTERN TYPE OF THE SUCCESSFUL BIRTHPLACE EDUCATION-STUDIES A PIONEER LINEAGE- EARLY EDUCATION -REMOVAL TO THE WEST- A TEACHER IN THE COMMON SCHOOLS FURTHER LAW A CHANGE OF PURPOSE FIRST MINING TRADER AND MERCHANT ORGANIZES A EXPERIENCES -BECOMES PERSONAL The question of success in America to-day is one of large importance, and is susceptible of various answers, any or all There of which may be true when taken in connection with the particular conditions specially pertaining to each. There are many elements, however, that must be relied upon as potent factors in any large success. are some, of course, that are paramount. Among these that are purely personal, I would state the essential ones to be, in my opinion, the following: sobriety, regular and temperate habits of living, continuity and tenacity of purpose, absolute courage and determination to surmount obstacles, unflinching veracity and integrity, complete system and method, and reasonable economy. W ESTERN pluck, enterprise, and intelligence are rightly accounted for on the theory that it was the strongest of mind and heart as well as body that pushed out from the older communities to the western frontier, especially into the wilds of the Rocky mountain region, in the early sixties, some 2,000 miles beyond the border line of civilization. The weak and timid and vacillating are not apt to undertake the rôle of pathfinder under the circumstances and conditions which brought the pioneer to Bannock, Virginia City, and Last Chance Gulch. It was another race of men that came at that period to lay the foundation of this young commonwealth, fitting exactly the poet's ideal of those who "constitute a state," and who have given to Montana a pioneer history and achievements in commerce and enterprise and government alike honorable and glorious. Among the pioneers of this stamp none has achieved greater success or distinction than Senator William A. Clark. The material benefits which the state has derived from his energy, enterprise, and ability, cannot be better presented or illustrated than by the recital of the story of his busy and eventful career. William Andrews Clark, pioneer, miner, merchant, banker, and United States senator, was born on a farm near Connellsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on the 8th of January, 1839. His parents were John and Mary (Andrews) Clark, both natives of that county. His grandfather, whose name was also John, was a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, who emigrated to this country and settled in Pennsylvania soon. after the Revolutionary War. The latter was married to Miss Reed of Chester county, Pennsylvania, who was of Irish parentage. Mr. Clark's maternal grandparents were also from County Tyrone, Ireland, and settled in western Pennsylvania about the beginning of the last century. They were William and Sarah Andrews. Mrs. Andrews' maiden name was Kithcart, and she was a descendant of the Cathcart family, who were originally Huguenots, the name having been changed to Kithcart through an error made by a registrar in the transfer of a tract of land. The Cathcart family emigrated from France into Scotland at an early period, and later moved to the north of Ireland. Subsequently they emigrated to the United States, and different branches of the family settled in New York and Pennsylvania. Mr. Clark's parents were married in Pennsylvania, and continued to reside there until 1856, when they moved to Van Buren county, Iowa, where his father died in 1873. In his religious affilia |