such inferior tribunals as the general assembly may establish, and over justices of the peace in each county in their respective circuits.

9. The jurisdiction of the court of chancery shall be co-extensive with the state, and the times and places of holding its sessions shall be regulated in the same manner as those of the supreme court.

10. The court of chancery shall have original and appellate jurisdiction in all matters of equity, and a general control over executors, administrators, guardians, and minors, subject to appeal, in all cases, to the supreme court, under such limitations as the general assembly may by law provide.

11. Until the general assembly shall deem it expedient to establish inferior courts of chancery, the circuit courts shall have jurisdiction in matters of equity, subject to appeal to the court of chancery, in such manner, and under such restrictions, as shall be prescribed by law.

12. Inferior tribunals shall be established in each county, for the transaction of all county business; for appointing guardians; for granting letters testamentary, and of administration; and for settling the accounts of executors, administrators, and guardians.

13. The governor shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, appoint the judges of the superior court, the judges of the circuit courts, and the chancellor, each of whom shall hold his office during good behaviour, and shall receive for his services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during his continuance in office, and which shall not be less than two thousand dollars annually.

14. No person shall be appointed a judge of the supreme court, nor of a circuit court, nor chancellor, before he shall have attained to the age of thirty years; nor shall any person continue to exercise the duties of any of said offices after he shall have attained to the age of sixty-five years.

15. The courts respectively shall appoint their clerks, who shall hold their offices during good behaviour. For any misdemeanour in office, they shall be liable to be tried and removed by the supreme court, in such manner as the general assembly shall by law provide.

16. Any judge of the supreme court or of the circuit court, or the chancellor, may be removed from office on the address of two-thirds of each house of the general assembly to the governor for that purpose; but each house shall state on its respective journal the cause for which it shall wish the removal of such judge or chancellor, and give him notice thereof; and he shall have the right to be heard in his defence in such manner as the general assembly shall by law direct ; but no judge or chancellor shall be removed in this manner for any cause for which he might have been impeached.

17. In each county there shall be appointed as many justices of the peace as the public good may be thought to require. Their powers and duties, and their duration in office, shall be regulated by law.

18. An attorney-general shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate. He shall remain in office four years, and shall perform such duties as shall be required of him by law. 19. All writs and process shall run, and all prosecutions shall be conducted in the name of the "State of Missouri;" all writs shall be tested by the clerk of the court from which they shall be issued, and all indictments shall conclude "against the peace and dignity of the state."

shall be ineligible four years in any term of eight years. The sheriff and coroner shall each give security for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. Whenever a county shall be hereafter established, the governor shall appoint a sherif. and coroner therein, who shall each continue in office until the next suc ceeding general election, and until a successor shall be duly qualified. 24. When vacancies happen in the office of sheriff or coroner, they shall be filled by appointment of the governor; and the persons so appointed shall continue in office until successors shall be duly qualified, and shall not be thereby rendered ineligible for the next succeeding term. 25. In all elections of sheriff and coroner, when two or more persons have an equal number of votes, and a higher number than any other person, the circuit courts of the counties respectively shall give the casting vote; and all contested elections for the said offices shall be decided by the circuit courts respectively, in such manner as the general assembly may by law prescribe.

ARTICLE 5.

Of the Judicial Power.

§ 1. The judicial powers, as to matter of law and equity, shall be vested in a 66 supreme court," in a "chancellor," in "circuit courts," and in such inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, from time to time, ordain and establish.

2. The supreme court, except in cases otherwise directed by this constitution, shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be co-extensive with the state, under the restrictions and limitations in this constitution provided.

3. The supreme court shall have a general superintending control over all inferior courts of law. It shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, certiorari, and other original remedial writs; and to hear and determine the same.

4. The supreme court shall consist of three judges, any two of whom shall be a quorum, and the said judges shall be conservators of the peace throughout the state.

5. The state shall be divided into convenient districts, not to exceed four; in each of which the supreme court shall hold two sessions annually, at such places as the general assembly shall appoint; and when sitting in either district, it shall exercise jurisdiction over causes originating in that district only: provided, however, that the general assembly may, at any time hereafter, direct by law that the said court shall be held at one place only.

6. The circuit court shall have jurisdiction over all criminal cases which shall not be otherwise provided for by law; and exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases which shall not be cognizable before justices of the peace, until otherwise directed by the general assembly. It shall hold its terms in such place in each county as may be by law directed. 7. The state shall be divided into convenient circuits, for each of which a judge shall be appointed, who, after his appointment, shall reside, and be a conservator of the peace, within the circuit for which he shall be appointed.

8 The circuit courts shall exercise a superintending control over all

cellor shall be now a tas

have been impacted.

17. In each trucy the shal de godt a peace as the putte good may be thought i wp duties, and their duration in off shall de mankind

18. An attorney-general shall be appointed hy that with the advice and consent of the senate. He shall is mpy four years, and shall perform such duties as shall he isquioda 19. All writs and process shall run, and all poses with ducted in the name of the "State of Missoni all by the clerk of the court from which they shall be bes ments shall conclude " against the pruss and dismis

ARTICLE 6.

Of Education.

§ 1. Schools and the means of education shall for ever be encouraged in this state; and the general assembly shall take measures to preserve from waste or damage such lands as have been, or hereafter may be granted by the United States for the use of schools within each township in this state, and shall apply the funds which may arise from such lands in strict conformity to the object of the grant; and one school or more shall be established in each township as soon as practicable and necessary, where the poor shall be taught gratis.

2. The general assembly shall take measures for the improvement of such lands as have been, or hereafter may be granted by the United States to this state, for the support of a seminary of learning; and the funds accruing from such lands, by rent or lease, or in any other manner, or which may be obtained from any other source, for the purposes aforesaid, shall be and remain a permanent fund to support a university for the promotion of literature, and of the arts and sciences; and it shall be the duty of the general assembly, as soon as may be, to provide effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the funds and endowments of such institution.

ARTICLE 7.

Of Internal Improvement.

Internal improvement shall for ever be encouraged by the government of this state; and it shall be the duty of the general assembly, as soon as may be, to make provision by law for ascertaining the most proper objects of improvement, in relation both to roads and navigable waters; and it shall also be their duty to provide by law for a systematic and economical application of the funds appropriated to these objects.

ARTICLE 8.
Of Banks.

The general assembly may incorporate one banking company, and no more, to be in operation at the same time.

The bank to be incorporated may have any number of branches not to exceed five, to be established by law; and not more than one branch shall be established at any one session of the general assembly. The capital stock of the bank to be incorporated shall never exceed five mil lions of dollars, at least one-half of which shall be reserved for the use of the state.

ARTICLE 9.
Of the Militia.

§ 1. Field officers and company officers shall be elected by the persons subject to militia duty within their respective command. Brigadiers-general shall be elected by the field officers of their respective brigades; and majors-general by the brigadiers and field officers of their respective divisions, until otherwise directed by law

2. General and field officers shall appoint their officers of the staff. 3. The governor shall appoint an adjutant-general, and all other mili tia officers, whose appointments are not otherwise provided for in this constitution.

ARTICLE 10.

Of Miscellaneous Provisions.

1. The general assembly of this state shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil of the United States, nor with any regulation congress may find necessary for securing the title in such soil to the bona fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States, nor shall lands belonging to persons residing out of the limits of this state, ever be taxed higher than the lands belonging o persons residing within this state.

2. The state shall have concurrent jurisdiction on the river Mississippi, and on every other river bordering on the said state, so far as the said river shall form a common boundary to the said state and any other state or states, now or hereafter to be formed, and bounded by the same; and the said river Mississippi, and the navigable rivers and waters leading into the same, whether bordering on or within this state, shall be common highways, and for ever free to the citizens of this state and of the United States, without any tax, duty, impost, or toll thereof imposed by the state.

ARTICLE 11.

Of the permanent Seat of Government.

§ 1. The general assembly, at their first session, shall appoint five commissioners for the purpose of selecting a place for the permanent seat of government, whose duty it shall be to select four sections of the land of the United States which shall not have been exposed to public sale.

2. If the commissioners believe the four sections of land, so by them to be selected, be not a suitable and proper situation for the permanent seat of government, they shall select such other place as they deem most proper for that purpose, and report the same to the general assembly, at the time of making their report provided for in the first section of this article: Provided, that no place shall be selected which is not situated on the bank of the Missouri river, and within forty miles of the mouth of the river Osage.

3. If the general assembly determine that the four sections of land which may be selected by authority of the first section of this article, be a suitable and proper place for the permanent seat of government, the said commissioners shall lay out a town thereon, under the direction of the general assembly ; but if the general assembly deem it most expedient to fix the permanent seat of government at the place to be selected by authority of the second section of this article, they shall so determine, and in that event shall authorize the said commissioners to purchase any quantity of land, not exceeding six hundred and forty acres, which may be necessary for the purpose aforesaid; and the place so selected shall be the permanent seat of government of this state from and after the first day of October, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.