such district (not exceeding ten miles square,) as may, by cession of particular states and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings: and,

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or any department or officer thereof.

SECTION IX.

1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.

3. No bill of attainder, or ex-post-facto law, shall be passed.

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.

SECTION X.

1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex-post-facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility.

2. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any im posts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the nett produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States, and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops

c 2

or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or comp with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unl actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of del

ARTICLE II.

Of the Executive.

SECTION I.

1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the Unit States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of fo years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same ter be elected as follows:

2. Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature there may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of senat and representatives to which the state may be entitled in Congres but no senator or representative, or person holding any office of tr or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.

3. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabita of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which 1 they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the gover ment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. T President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and Hou of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be t President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of elect appointed; and if there be more than one who have such a majori and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representativ shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, t said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosi the Président, the votes shall be taken by states, the representati from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose sha consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every ca after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest numb of votes of the electors shall be Vice President. But if there shou remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose fro them by ballot the Vice President.

4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electo and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall the same throughout the United States.

5. No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the Unit States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligib to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to th office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, a been fourteen years a resident within the United States.

6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his deat

resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President; and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President; and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected.

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation :—

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the United States."

SECTION II.

1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion in writing of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present, concur: and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session.

SECTION III.

1. He shall, from time to time, give to Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them; and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission all the officers of the United States.

SECTION IV.

1. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the Ur States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for and convic of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

Of the Judiciary.

SECTION I.

1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may, time to time order and establish. The judges, both of the supr and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour; shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, wh shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

SECTION II.

1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equ arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to wh the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two more states; between a state and citizens of another state; betw citizens of different states; between citizens of the same state claim lands under grants of different states; and between a state, or the o zens thereof and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, a consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Co shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mention the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law a fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as Congr shall make.

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall by jury, and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crim shall have been committed; but when not committed within any sta the trial shall be at such place or places as Congress may by l have directed.

SECTION III.

1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levyi war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them a and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on t testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession open court.

2. Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treaso but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeitu except during the life of the person attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

Miscellaneous.

SECTION I.

1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

SECTION II.

1. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.

2. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime.

3. No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour; but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due.

SECTION III.

1. New states may be admitted by Congress into this Union; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of Congress.

2. Congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory, or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state.

SECTION IV.

1. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.

ARTICLE V.

Of Amendments.

1. Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution; or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall

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