though sometimes I see in it a show of defence against attack.

4. Intelligence works powerfully against it. Knowledge drives away superstition and kills religious fanatacism. Signs of unbelief in its divine origin are numerous even among the most devoted saints. Even Mrs. Wells says, "I shall allow my daughters to do as they choose about plural marriage." But if she believes really that if her daughters can attain salvation and exaltation only in proportion to the number of tabernacles they furnish for spirits waiting for bodies, why is she so indulgent or rather so indifferent? Many of the once faithful are deserting the ranks of polygamy. They seem to feel as the discharged engineer did who said, "it is time to leave that road, anyhow, for the sake of my life. There is nothing left of the road but two streaks of rust and the right of wya." The infamous institution is contrary to the great irresistible current of the age. The schools of Utah, to say nothing of the churches of Christ which are alive and active, and nothing of a vigorous Gentile journal which has a wider circuculation in the territory than all the Mormon papers together and is taken largely by Mormons themselves, the schools alone, I believe, will cause the death of polygamy in less than a generation.

Some recent utterances of Congressman Cannon are in point here. He denies that large numbers of marriages have in the last few years been contracted in the endowment house in Salt Lake City, and says that this institution was closed in 1876 and reopened only in November 1877, since which time only monogamic marriages have been. solemnized, none others being permitted.1

1On being asked, “What has been the effect of contract with the Gentiles? Has it been productive of much apostacy?" he is reported as saying:

"Yes, sir; and, viewing from a natural, a nonMormon stand-point, the influences now surrounding the church must ultimately destroy it. With a free hostile press constantly attacking the church, with the railroads, the telegraphs, the various proselyting efforts of all the different denominations, through their free schools and other agencies, working against it, nothing but the interposition of divine power can prevent the downfall of the system. This will, as anyone can see, be the natural result,

5. Another thing which points to the extinction of polygamy at no distant day is the schism within the Mormon Church. Many of the faithful, so called, deny the doctrine totally.

They say that Joseph denounced it and so does the book revealed to him. True, the book does denounce it, and so did Joseph once, but Joseph practiced it beyond controversy. Yet Joseph, Jr., a son of the prophet, preaches even in Salt Lake City that polygamy is wrong. He has a following not small and these heretics will grow in number and influence. There is already little unity among the Mormon people excepting in matters of faith. A division on these can scarcely fail to be a serious affair to the Church. The fact is, moreover, that many of the foreign born saints were deceived by the missionaries and are in no mood to become conciliated. To show how little strength there is in the church even now, it may be stated on authority that there are six separate sects existing, and in the short history of less than fifty years there have been twenty-five sects. Seventy per cent. of the membership have at different times apostatized during that period. The additions to the saints are now almost wholly foreigners. Nothing is more apparent than that the work of disintegration is rapidly going on.

6. The United States laws will be enforced by and by. In 1862 Congress passed a law against polygamy in any Territory. It is practically a dead letter now in Utah but it will not always be so. The recent decision of a test case in the Supreme Court is a sign which polygamists must heed.

7. But also by and by the women of Mormondom will learn their rights as human beings and "knowing dare maintain" them. They have their freedom in their own hands. Kossuth said once, "A nation given freedom and power to keep it, ought to suffer if it will not use that power." I have little sympathy with the cry "Pity the Women of Utah," except that I do

but as a Mormon, firmly believing in the faith, I have no doubt of divine succor, and, in common with my fellow religionists, I look for the promised protection from above."

gones be bygones, but also let Mormons know what is to come and that they must take what is appointed unto men in the United States who will have more than one wife at a time. It is high time that the United States recognize its duty, and show its determination

to allow no institution to exist in its Territories which is an offense to all good citizens and which no one of the States in the Confederation will allow to exist within its borders. Thomas L. Rogers.

would find earth wide enough and rich enough to give house-room and bread to all her children. But even here in the city, I hold that the decent poor, the honest, who desire to live cleanly and bring up their children honestly, can do it. I have watched the experiment tried successfully in the worst possible circumstances."

"Pray detail it to me, for I am burdened with this problem what shall the people eat, what shall they drink, and wherewithal shall they be clothed?'”

"Yes indeed, person and vacancy always meet; the pegs and the holes fit, in spite of Sidney Smith."

"It is your good fortune in this regard which entrenches you in the pleasing theory that there are not too many people in the world. Now as I came through squalid and crowded streets this morning, I felt convinced there were too many."

"There are always too many of thieves, idlers and drunkards. They are the squalid and crowded ones; the workers give themselves room. There are too many of these people because of their morals and not because of their numbers. There is always room for decent people. If parents would bring up their children to give honest work for honest wages they would always get the wages. There is too much crowding of both poor and well-to-do into the cities; if the population would spread themselves, getting more elbow room and breathing space, they

"Yes," said Miss Help with a grim smile, "you are like some other folks, minding your Father's business instead of your own.

unravel for themselves, if they look to Him for wisdom and valiantly set to work. You could not have taught the woman whom I have in my mind to support her family on a minimum income, but God gave her wisdom equal to her need. This woman was a widow with three children; she earned twenty-five cents a day on slop sewing and she supported her family on that decently, bringing them up in the fear of God and the knowledge of the alphabet, having which they have all things."

"Six cents and a fraction a day for each one's living! You must go into particulars. I believe without understanding."

conscious, often without knowing whence or why it comes; it is the present pain making its moan wherever there are men, so that the earth like the sea cannot be quiet. Well, this Mary Thomas was left with her three children, boy eight, girl six, girl two; she had one room in the outskirts of the town and a little cellar back of it where there was a window and no outer door. While the sailor survived she did slop sewing, and the two had managed to live with their little ones and to own a bed and a trundle bed, a good stove, a washtub, board and boiler, and a lamp, things better than their neighbors. Mary was not a very strong woman and she had four to support on twenty-five cents a day, and by self-denial and arithmetic she did it. Her rent was fifty cents a week, and there was fuel to buy and oil and food. This is the way she did it; she appropriated seven cents each day for rent, six for fuel, two for oil, and ten for food. Now the oil never cost quite the daily two cents for Sundays and in summer she used none, so out of the oil money came the lacking cent for rent and whatever else was saved out of it went for wick, a chimney, or something of that kind. She arranged with a coal merchant to bring him thirty-six cents each Saturday evening: her coal was safe in her cellar, the men mixed it with coke for her, and in summer she used so little that her money accumulated in his hands and he put fuel in her cellar for it when fuel was cheapest, and so her winter supply was sufficient as she doled it out.

As she had a fire and conveniences for washing and ironing, a poor neighbor did her washing and Mary's together in Mary's cellar every week and ironed for both; a tub of suds was left, and at night Mary scoured her room and cleaned her windows and furniture. Her place was always clean, so were her children; consequently they were healthy. Early every morning she sent out the boy and girl with a bag and a basket to pick up bits of wood, paper and pasteboard for kindling. In summer sometimes the supply was good enough to boil the water and so save coal. The little children returned early from their expedition; the boy washed and combed

and hurried to a grocer's, a baker's, and a butcher's in the vicinity, to see if there were any errands or any sidewalk cleaning for him. Regularly he went each morning, and if there was work he got for it his breakfast or a penny or a stale loaf. The food thus given him for his work was the sole Sabbath supply, for on Sunday Mary was earning nothing. Saturday mornings the boy cleaned steps or areas for a couple of houses in an adjacent street, getting for his work soapfat of which his prudent mother made her soap, and in quantity sufficient to enable her to trade some to the grocer's wife for the lye she used. On Saturdays, also, both the boy and girl extended their fuel hunt and offered their services at more stores and stalls for errands, and the pennies or worn clothing earned in this way supplied the family wardrobe, though it cost the mother many a late evening's work in patching and turning to make it do.

Every day the boy and girl went to the public school and encouraged by their mother worked hard, as those who knew schooling was a boon and meant something to them. On Sabbaths, clean, if shabby and thinly clad, they all four took the most obscure seat in a mission church. They never begged nor obtruded their troubles on people, and I doubt if they were known or ever got any help beyond perhaps a trifle now and then from the school teacher."

"Still I cannot comprehend how ten cents a day fed four, even with an occasional meal to the boy and a stale loaf."

“Nor did I until I got Mary's bill of fare and ferreted out her method of making two ends meet. She always traded at the same shops, decent shops where she was known, and carrying some basin or pitcher of her own for her small purchases she saved the shop keepers paper and string, and so they did not begrudge serving her in littles. She asked the butcher to save her bones and meat trimmings which she could buy by the two or three cents worth, more to flavor her food than to be food. As she regularly bought at the same place, she often received little gifts or accommodations which eked out her store."

Miss Help searched in her desk, drew out

a slip of paper and read this poor woman's method of feeding four people for ten cents a day.

"Monday: one-half pound barley, three cents; half a pound corn meal, two cents; half pound dried beans, three cents; scrap meat two cents. The corn meal made into mush was their breakfast; the beans and half the scrap meat to flavor then made dinner; half the barley boiled with a little scrap meat made a supper. You see here were three very wholesome, nourishing, digestible dishes, capable of going a long way in supporting existence. Tuesday: salt pork, three cents; molasses, three cents; salt, two cents; half a pound of corn meal, two cents. The barley left from the day before was with molasses their breakfast; a few of the beans had also been retained and boiled with the pork and some meal was a dinner, and corn meal and a little molasses made their supper. The salt would suffice them for a week, and the molasses was not all used that day. Wednesday: three cents for potatoes unless potatoes were dear, and if so she bought instead the cheapest vegetables to be had; two cents for bones or scraps to boil with the vegetables; half a pound of split peas and two cents for corn meal. Thursday: three cents for pork, three cents for beans, three cents for barley and one cent for pepper. Friday: four cents for corn meal, three cents for molasses, three cents for peas. Saturday: three cents for beans, four cents for butcher's scraps and three cents for potatoes, cabbage, or some other vegetable. Sunday had to take its chance on a loaf earned by the boy at the baker's or a little food saved out of the week or some gift to the boy for running the grocer's errands. If by any chance Mary saved a cent out of her day's food, it with every cent earned by the children went into a little box as a saving for clothes or the inevitable shoes for winter. Their living seemed a daily miracle; it was the miracle of perseverance, sound judgment and careful calculation. Mary took all the sleep which she could, sparing herself sewing at night, and so saved fuel and lights and her own eyes. Her food was regularly taken, cooked as well as possible, and always of a

kind to bring the best returns in health and strength. They worked in this way for five years, the boy earning more money as he needed more clothes; then at thirteen he got a situation with the coal man. In two years more the girl got a place with the baker's wife, for all the neighborhood had learned to respect this family in their struggle against beggary. For two years before she went out the girl had helped her mother in sewing and so secured her clothing; the youngest girl had fallen heir to the kindling gathering, area cleaning and errands. When her sister was elevated to a servant's position this child helped her mother with the sewing; she is now twelve, and the whole family are thriving in every way."

"That is a remarkable story," I said, as Miss Help, who had broken her narration to attend to various pieces of business, resumed her place by me.

"It was the best that Mary Thomas could do, with her small children, small strength and no knowledge of rural life; the city was the place for her to make a stand. Harriet Gleason, a washerwoman, with a feeble husband and six children, however, did something far better."

"I shall never be contented until I hear the history of Harriet Gleason."

"Harriet lived near here up two pair of stairs. She took in laundry work; her husband helped her and worked a little for a cobbler but he was very sickly. The six children, four boys and two girls, had no where to play but the alley; two of them were weakly like the father, and four were sturdy, active, noisy, and forever in mischief. Harriet's heart began to fail her; she said the feeble children would die or go to the hospital for want of fresh air and out of door work; and the sturdy ones, begirt with temptations and bad examples and finding little to do, would become vicious and fall into the hands of justice. It looked so indeed. Harriet lay awake nights thinking of her children, and I lay awake thinking of them too, and Sunday afternoon she came here and talked to me of her troubles. I said to her one day late in August that I wished she and her family were in the country, and I described waste places which