Ab-

Constantinople, and reign, 438.
dicates, and turns monk, 441. His

Carthage, the bishopric of, bought for
Majorinus, ii. 189. note.

446. Marries his daughter to a Turk,
viii. 46. His negotiation with pope
Clement VI. ibid.

Cantemir's History of the Ottoman Em-
pire, character of, vii. 471 note.
Capelianus, governor of Mauritania, de-
feats the younger Gordian, and takes
Carthage, i. 201.

Capitation tax, under the Roman empe-
rors, an account of, ii. 281.

Capito, Ateius, the civilian, his character,
v. 322.

Capitol of Rome, burning and restoration
of it, ii. 159.

Cappadocia, famous for its fine breed of
horses, ii. 271.

Capraria, isle of, character of the monks
there, iv. 23.

Captives, how treated by the Barbarians,
iv. 245. 454.

Caracalla, son of the emperor Severus,
his fixed antipathy to his brother Geta,
i. 143. Succeeds to the empire joint-
ly with him, 147. Tendency of his
edict to extend the privileges of Ro-
man citizens, to all the free inhabitants
of his empire, 177. His view in this
transaction, 185. Doubles the tax on
legacies and inheritance, ibid.
Caracorum, the Tarter settlement of, de-
scribed, vii. 465.

Caravans, Sogdian, their route to and
from China, for silk, to supply the Ro-
man empire, v. 68.

Carausius, his revolt in Britain, i. 402.
Is acknowledged by Diocletian and
his colleagues, 404.

Carbeus, the Paulician, his revolt from
the Greek emperor to the Saracens,

vii. 57.

Cardinals, the election of a pope vested
in them, viii. 197. Institution of the
conclave, 198.

Carduene, situation and history of that
territory, i. 423.

Carinus, the son of Carus, succeeds his
father in the empire jointly with his
brother Numerian, i. 384.
Carizmians, their invasion of Syria, vii.
293,
Carlovingian race of kings, commence-

ment of, in France, vi. 177.

Carmath, the Arabian reformer, his cha-
racter, vi. 456. His military exploits,

457.

Carmelites, from whom they derive their
pedigree, iv. 372. note.
Capathian mountains, their situation, i.

240.

by the factions of Cæcilian and Dona
tus, iii. 4.

The temple of Venus there, con.
verted into a Christian church, iii. 461.
Is surprised by Genseric king of the
Vandals, iv. 225.

The gates of, opened to Belisarius,
v. 127. Natural alterations produced
by time in the situation of this city,
129. note. The walls of, repaired by
Belisarius, 130. Insurrection of the
Roman troops there, 249.

Carthage is reduced and pillaged by
Hassan the Saracen, vi. 381. Subse
quent history of, 382.
Carthagena, an extraordinary rich silver
mine worked there for the Romans, i.
179.

Carus, emperor, his election and charac-
ter, i. 380.

Caspian and Iberian gates of mount Cau-
casus, distinguished, v. 101.
Cassians, the party of, among the Ro-
man civilians, explained, v. 323.
Cassiodorius, his Gothic history, i. 269.
His accout of the infant state of the
republic of Venice, iv. 294. His long
and prosperous life, v. 21.
Castriot, George; see Scanderbeg.
Catalans, their service and war in the
Greek empire, vii. 415.

Catholic church, the doctrines of, how
discriminated from the opinions of the
Platonic school, iii. 13. The authority
of extended to the minds of mankind,
15. Faith of the Western or Latin
Church, 27. Is distracted by factions
in the cause of Athanasius, 40.
doxology, how introduced, and how
perverted, 60 The revenue of, trans-
ferred to the heathen priests, by Ju-
lian, iii. 152.

The

Censor, the office of, revived under the
emperor Decius, i. 278. But without
effect, 280.

Ceos, the manufacture of silk first intro-
duced to Europe from that island, v.
65.

Cerca, the principal queen of Attila king
of the Hans, her reception of Maximin
the Roman ambassador, iv. 257.
Cerinthus, his opinion of the twofold na-
ture of Jesus Christ, vi. 8.
Ceylon, ancient names given to that
island, and the imperfect knowledge
of, by the Romans, iii. 175 note.
Chalcedon, the injudicious situation of
this city stigmatised by proverbial con-
tempt, ii. 223. A tribunal erected
there by the emperor Julian, to try and
punish the evil ministers of his prede-
cessor Constantius, iii. 108.

A stately church built there by
Rufinus, the infamous minister of the
emperor Theodosius, iv. 6.

Is taken by Chosroes II. king of
Persia, v. 455.

Chalcondyles, the Greek historian, his re-
marks on the several nations of Eu-
rope, viii. 54.

Chalons, battle of, between the Romans
and Attila king of the Huns, iv. 286.
Chamavians reduced and generously
treated by Julian, ii. 378.

Chancellor, the original and modern ap-
plication of this word compared, i. 386.

note.

Characters, national, the distinctions of,
how formed, iii. 314.

Chariots of the Romans described, iv. 94.
note.

His

Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of
Lombardy, vi 176. His reception at
Rome, 179. Eludes fulfilling the pro-
mises of Pepin and himself to the Ro-
man pontiff, 182. His coronation at
Rome by the pope Leo III. 190
reign and character, 192. Extent of
his empire, 196 His neighbours and
enemies, 199. His successors, 201.
His negotiations and treaty with the
Eastern empire, 203. State of his fa-
mily and dominions in the tenth cen.
tury, vii. 37.

Charles the Fat, emperor of the Romans,
vi. 202.

Charles of Anjou subdues Naples and Si-
cily, vii. 410. The Sicilian Vespers,
414. His character as a senator of
Rome, viii. 189.
Charles IV. emperor of Germany, his
weakness and poverty, vi. 217. His

public ostentation, 219. Contrast be
tween him and Augustus, 220.
Charles V. emperor, parallel between
him and Diocletian, i. 435. And be-

tween the sack of Rome by him, and
that by Alaric the Goth, iv. 131.
Chastity, its high esteem among the an-
cient Germans, i. 255. And the primi-
tive Christians, ii. 97.

Chemistry, the art of, from whom deriv-
ed, vi. 440.

Chersonesus, Thracian, how fortified by
the emperor Justinian, v. 92.
Chersonites assist Constantine the Great
against the Goths, ii. 305. Are cruelly
persecuted by the Greek emperor Jus-
tinian II. vi. 90.

Chess, the object of the game of, by whom
invented, v. 220.

Childeric, king of France, deposed under
papal sanction, vi. 177.
Children, the exposing of, a prevailing
vice of antiquity, v. 340. Natural, ac-
cording to the Roman laws, what, 348.
China, how distinguished in ancient his-
tory, i. 414. note. Great numbers of
children annually exposed there, ii.
114. note.

Its situation, iii. 325. The high
chronology claimed by the historians
of, ibid. The great wall of, when
erected, 328. Was twice conquered
by the northern tribes, 329.

The Romans supplied with silk by
the caravans from, v. 67.

Is conquered by the Moguls, vii.
458. 466. Expulsion of the Moguls,
467.

Chivalry, origin of the order of, vii. 215.
Chnodomar, prince of the Alemanni, ta-
ken prisoner by Julian at the battle of
Strasburg, ii. 377.

Chosroes, king of Armenia, assassinated
by the emissaries of Sapor king of Per-
sia, i. 302.

Chosroes, son of Tiridates, king of Ar
menia, his character, i. 315.
Chosroes I king of Persia, protects the
last surviving philosophers of Athens,
in his treaty with the emperor Justi-
nian. v. 109. Review of his history,
214. Sells a peace to Justinian, 220:
His invasion of Syria, 222.
His nego-

tiations with Justinian, 241. His pros-
perity, 243. Battle of Melitene, 423.
His death, 424.

Chosroes II. king of Persia, is raised to
the throne on the deposition of his fa-
ther Hormouz, v 430. Is reduced to
implore the assistance of the emperor

of his promotion to the archiepiscopal
see of Constantinople, 183. His cha-
racter and administration, 184, 185.
His persecution, 188. His death, 192.
His relics removed to Constantinople,
ibid. His encomium on the monastic
life, iv. 376. note.

Churches, Christian, the first erection of,
ii. 184. Demolition of, under Diocle-
tian, 203. Splendour of, under Con-
stantine the Great, ii. 425. Seven, of
Asia, the fate of, vii. 473.
Cibalis, battle of, between Constantine
the Great and Licinius, ii. 43.
Cicero, his view of the philosophical opi-
nions as to the immortality of the soul,
ii. 77. His encomium on the study of
the law, v. 308. System of his republic,

320.

Cimmerian darkness, the expression of,
whence derived, iv. 95. note.
Circumcellions of Africa, Donatist schis-
matics, history of their revolt, iii. 67.
Their religious suicides, 70. Persecu
tion of, by the emperor Honorius, iv.
217.

Circumcision of both sexes, a physical
custom in Ethiopia, unconnected with
religion, vi. 76.

Circus, Roman, the four factions in, de-
scribed, v. 54. Constantinople, and
the Eastern empire, distracted by
these factions, 56.
Cities in the Roman empire enumerated,
i. 54.

Commercial, of Italy, rise, and go-
vernment of, vi. 212.
Citizens of Rome, motive of Caracalla
for extending the privileges of, to all
the free inhabitants of the empire, i.
177. Political tendency of this grant,
186.

City, the birth of a new one, how cele-
brated by the Romans, ii. 228. note.
Civilians of Rome, origin of the profes-
sion, and the three periods in the his-
tory of, v. 317.

Civilis, the Batavian, his successful re-
volt against the Romans, i. 263.
Claudian the poet, and panegyrist of Sti-
licho, his works supply the deficiencies
of history, iv. 11. Celebrates the mur-
der of Rufinus, 16. His death and
character, 77. His character of the
eunuch Eutropius, 170.

Claudius, emperor, chosen by the Præto-
rian guards, without the concurrence
of the senate, i. 81.

Claudius, emperor, successor to Gallie-
nus, his character and elevation to the
throne, i. 320.

Cleander, minister of the emperor Com-
modus, his history, i. 101.

Clemens, Flavius, and his wife Domitilla,
why distinguished as Christian mar
tyrs, ii. 162.

Clement III. pope, and the emperor Henry
III mutually confirm each other's so-
vereign characters, vii. 137.

Clement V. pope, transfers the holy see
from Rome to Avignon, viii, 201.
Clergy, when first distinguished from the
laity, ii. 109. 418.

The ranks and numbers of, how
multiplied, 424. Their property, ibid.
Their offences only cognisable by their
order, 427. Valentinian's edict to re-
strain the avarice of, iii. 265.

Clodion, the first of the Merovingian race
of kings of the Franks in Gaul, his
reign, iv. 275.

Clodius Albinus, governor of Britain, his
steady fidelity during the revolutions
at Rome, i. 122. Declares himself
against Julianus, 123.

Clotilda, niece of the king of Burgundy, is
married to Clovis king of the Franks,
and converts her Pagan husband, iv.
425. Exhorts her husband to the Go-
thic war, 435.

Clovis, king of the Franks, his descent,
and reign, iv. 420.

Cluverius, his account of the objects of
adoration among the ancient Germans,
i. 257. note.

Cochineal, importance of the discovery
of, in the art of dying, v. 65. note.
Code of Justinian, how formed, v. 326.
New edition of, 333.

Codicils, how far admitted by the Roman
law respecting testaments, v. 357.
Canobites, in monkish history, described,
iv. 387.

Coinage, how regulated by the Roman
emperors, viii. 184.
Colchos, the modern Mingrelia, describ-
cd, v. 229. Manners of the natives,
230. Revolt of, from the Romans to
the Persians, and repentance, 236.
Colchian war, in consequence, 239.
Coliseum, of the emperor Titus, observa-
tions on, viii. 274. Exhibition of a
bull-feast in, 276.

Collyridian heretics, an account of, vi.
249.

Colonies, Roman, how planted, i. 41.
Colonna, history of the Roman family of,
viii. 208.

Colossus of Rhodes, some account of, vi.
357.

Columns of Hercules, their situation, i. 30.
Comana, the rich temple of, suppressed,

and the revenues confiscated, by the
emperors of the East, i. 271.
Combat, judicial, origin of, in the Salic
laws, iv. 448. The laws of, according
to the assize of Jerusalem, vi. 253.
Apology for the practice of, 398. note.
Comets, account of those which appeared
in the reign of Justinian, v. 293.
Commentiolus, his disgraceful warfare
against the Avars, v. 441.
Commodus, emperor, his education, cha-
racter, and reign, i. 96.

Comneni, origin of the family of, on the
throne of Constantinople, vi. 125. Its
extinction, viii. 162.

Conception, immaculate, of the Virgin
Mary, the doctrine of, from whence
derived, vi. 251.

Concubine, according to the Roman civil
law, explained, v. 347.

Conflagration, general, ideas of the pri

mitive Christians concerning, ii. 84.
Conquest, the vanity of, not so justifiable
as the desire of spoil, iii. 283. Is rather
achieved by art, than personal valour,
iv. 235.

Conrad III. emperor, engages in the se-
cond crusade, vii. 259. His disastrous
expedition, 264.

Conrad of Montferrat, defends Tyre
against Saladin, vii. 281. Is assassina-
ted, 285

Constance, treaty of, 214.
Constans, the third son of Constantine
the Great, is sent to govern the west-
ern provinces of the empire, ii. 901.
Division of the empire among him and
his brothers, on the death of their fa-
ther, 312. Is invaded by his brother
Constantine, 321. Is killed, on the
usurpation of Magnentius, 323. Es.
poused the cause of Athanasius against
his brother Constantius, iii. 46.
Constans II. emperor of Constantinople,

vi. 85.

Constantia, princess, grand-daughter of

Constantine the Great, is carried by
her mother to the camp of the usur-
per Procopius, iii. 248. Narrowly es
capes falling into the hands of the
Quadi, 306. Marries the emperor
Gratian, 310.

Constantina, daughter of Constantine the
Great, and widow of Hannibalianus,
places the diadem on the head of the
general Vetranio, ii. 325. Is married
to Gallus, 340. Her character, 341.
Dies, 345.

Constantina, widow of the Eastern em-
peror Maurice, the cruel fate of, and
her daughters, v. 449.

Constantine the Great, the several opi-
nions as to the place of his birth, ii. 4.
His history, 5. He is saluted emperor
by the British legions on the death of
his father, 7. Marries Fausta, the
daughter of Maximian, 13. Puts
Maximian to death, 20. General re-
view of his administration in Gaul, 22
Undertakes to deliver Rome from the
tyranny of Maxentius, 25. Defeats
Maxentius, and enters Rome, 33.
His alliance with Licinius, 37. De-
feats Licmis, 43, 44.
ded with Licinius, 45.
Chastises the Goths, 49.
war with Licinius, 50.

Peace conclu-
His laws, 46.
Second civil

Motives which induced him to
make Byzantium the capital of his
empire, ii. 220. Declares his deter-
mination to spring from divine com.
mand, 228. Despoils other cities of
their ornaments to decorate his new
capital, 232. Ceremony of dedicating
his new city, 238. Form of civil and
military administration established
there, 239. Separates the civil from
the military administration, 258. Cor.
rupted military discipline, 260 His
character, 288. Account of his fami-
ly, 292. His jealousy of his son Cris
pus, 294. Mysterious deaths of Cris-
pus and Licinius, 296. His repentance
and acts of atonement inquired into,
297. His sons and nephews, 299.
Sends them to superintend the several
provinces of the empire, 301. Assists
the Sarmatians, and provokes the
Goths, 305. Reduces the Goths to
peace, 306 His death, 308. Attempt
to ascertain the date of his conversion
to Christianity, 387. His Pagan su-
perstition, 390. Protects the Chris-
tians in Gul, 391. Publishes the

edict of Milan, ibid. Motives which
recommended the Christians to his fa-
vour, 393. Exhorts his subjects to
embrace the Christian profession, 397.
His famous standard the Labarum
described, 400. His celebrated vision
previous to his battle with Maxentius,
402. Story of the miraculous cross in
the air, 405. His conversion account-
ed for, from natural and probable cau-
ses, 407. His theological discourses,
409. His devotion and privileges, 410.
The delay of his baptism accounted
for, 411. Is commemorated as a
saint by the Greeks, 414. His edict
against heretics, ii. 1. Favours the
cause of Cæcilian against Donatus, 5.
His sensible letter to the bishop of