2. The Advanced Latin Class meets with the Honours Class, and receives instruction with a view either to the Advanced Degree (simply) or to the Honours Degree (ultimately). All students are required to attend the Roman History Class concurrently (see below).

Book to be read in Advanced Class, Winter Session, 1919-1920 : Lucan, "De Bello Civili IV.".

The examination work for the Advanced Degree is (a) the same as that prescribed for the Ordinary Degree, (b) a special book (for 1920, Lucan "De Bello Civili IV."), (c) a special period of Roman History (for 1920, the period 133-71 B.C.).

3. The Honours Latin Class meets five hours per fortnight throughout the Academical year. Certain works of Latin writers are read, generally selected from those prescribed for Honours. It is intended to be combined with the Roman History Class, on which see below. The Honours Latin Class is normally divided into two sections, Junior and Senior.

In all the Latin classes regular exercises are provided in translation, composition, etc. Members of the Honours and Advanced Classes and members of the highest section of the Graduation Class usually receive tutorial instruction, over and above the ordinary teaching.

ROMAN HISTORY.

There will be a course of lectures on some special branch of Roman History or Antiquities given each Winter Session (191920; period 133-71 B.C.). Such a course counts as a full Honours course in the School of History.

LATIN-FRENCH HONOURS GROUP.

(1) In the Winter Term, 1919-1920, there will be a course of 20 Lectures on Gallic (Vulgar, Colloquial, Provincial) Latin. In connection with the lectures portions will be read of "Itinerarium Etheriae, ed. Heraeus. Diehl's Vulgarlateinische Inschriften (Bonn, 1910) will also be used.

Students should study in connection with the lectures Strong and Barnett's Historical Reader in Early French (Edinburgh, 1901), and Grandgent's Introduction to Vulgar Latin (Boston, 1907).

(2) In the Spring and Summer Terms of 1919-1920 there will be a course of 30 lectures on the History of Roman and Merovingian Gaul (from Julius Cæsar to Charlemagne), in which an attempt will be made to trace the growth of Roman Gaul till it becomes Early France.

Fee, £4 4s.

MEDIEVAL PALAEOGRAPHY.

Lecturer-1903 Alexander Souter, M.A., demitted 1903.*

1913 Professor ALEXANDER SOUTER, M.A., D.Litt.

In the Summer Term, if a sufficient number of students come forward, a course of twenty-five lectures (ten theoretical, fifteen practical) will be delivered on Western Mediaeval Palaeography. The course is intended especially for Honours students or graduates in the departments of Classics, English, Modern Languages, History, Theology, and Law, who propose to undertake research into documents connected with their subjects. The history of handwriting in the West from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries will be sketched, and practice in reading documents will be provided. The fee is £2 2s., and names of intendingstudents should be sent in to the Lecturer not later than 1st April.

GREEK.

FOUNDED IN 1505.

Patron-THE CROWN.

Professors-1860 (1855) William Duguid Geddes, M.A., LL.D., demitted 1886.+ Died 1900.

1886 JOHN HARROWER, M.A., LL.D.

WINTER CLASSES.

I. The Ordinary Graduation Class meets one hour a day for five days in the week during the first two terms of the Session. The books read include portions of the work set for the Degree, and lectures are given on the relative periods of History and Literature. Written exercises in translation and composition are prescribed to the Class.

II. The Advanced Greek Class meets one hour a day for five days in the week during the first two terms of the Session.

III. The Honours Class meets five days in the fortnight. The more difficult Greek authors are studied, and exercises are set in composition and criticism.

Arrangements are made whereby students in all the Classes receive Tutorial instruction individually so far as the Time Table permits.

In teaching and in examining exercises the Professor is aided by his assistants.

Work for the Greek Graduation Classes, 1919-1920:

*On appointment to Yates Professorship of New Testament Greek and Exegesis in Mansfield College, Oxford.

+On appointment to Principalship of the University by Commission dated 31st December, 1886.

Lectures on history, literature and antiquities will be delivered in both

classes.

An additional class has been sanctioned for such students as have not passed a qualifying examination for entrance to the Graduation Class. Fee £4 4s.

A course of about twelve lectures on the Greek Drama will be delivered during the first two terms of the Session. It will be specially adapted for students reading for Honours in Modern Literatures. No fee.

THE SILVER PEN.

Presented to Marischal College in 1769, by the eleventh Earl of Buchan. The first Prizeman in the Junior Greek Class had his name inscribed on a Silver Medal attached to the Pen. The series of medals stopped short in 1838, but in 1901 was completed by Professor Harrower up to 1860, the year of the fusion of the Colleges. For list of winners, 1782 to 1860, see Calendar for 19061907, p. 194.

The Senatus authorised the revival of the distinction for the first Prizeman of the Graduation Greek Class, beginning with the Session 1900-1901.

Winner in 1919-James Alex. Gordon.

GREEK HISTORY (Honours Course).

An Honours Course on Greek History will be delivered in Winter. Attendance in this class qualifies for Honours in History. In 1919-1920 the lectures will deal with the Period 429-371

B.C.

Thucydides, II.-VIII.

Xenophon Hellenica," I.-V1. Book recommended-Hicks and Hill,
Greek Historical Inscriptions".

Fee £3 3s.

SUMMER.

1. TUTORIAL CLASS. -Meets five times a fortnight and does some of the reading prescribed for the Ordinary Degree.

2. HONOURS CLASS meets five times a fortnight, and reads Honours Work for next year. Exercises in unseen translation, composition, etc.

CELTIC AND PHILOLOGY.

Lecturer-John Fraser, M.A.

This lectureship was instituted by the University Court in January, 1916, but was in abeyance, owing to the absence of the Lecturer on War Office work.

CELTIC (GAELIC).

In Session 1919-20 the lectures will deal with (1) the general history of the Celtic languages; (2) the development of Celtic language and literature in Scotland; (3) Irish grammar; (4) portions of the texts prescribed for the Degree Examinations.

COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.

A course of 30 lectures will be given in the Summer Term, 1920. Subject: Greek grammar. Books recommended: Giles' "Manual of Comparative Philology"; Wright's "Comparative Greek Grammar"; Meillet's "Aperçu d'une histoire de la langue Grecque ".

HEBREW AND SEMITIC LANGUAGES.

FOUNDED IN 1673.
Patron-THE CROWN.

Professors-1860 (1847) Andrew Scott, M.A., died 1870.

1870 John Forbes, M.A., LL.D., D.D., retired 1887, died 1899. 1887 Archibald R. S. Kennedy, D.D., demitted 1894. *

1895 JAMES GILROY, M.A., D.D.

Three members of the Semitic group of languages, Hebrew, Arabic and Syriac, are included among the optional subjects for the degree of M.A. Before attendance on Graduation classes in any of the subjects can be counted, the student must pass a preliminary examination on that subject. Of the classes in

Hebrew, the Junior Class will be found the best adapted to meet the requirements of students preparing for the Preliminary Examination in Hebrew, while the Senior Class qualifies for graduation.

I. HEBREW. 1. ELEMENTARY HEBREW.-Designed for Arts students preparing to enter upon the study of Theology. Meets during the first and the second terms at 11 A.M. two or three

* On appointment to Chair of Hebrew and Semitic Languages in Edinburgh University.

times a week. The work of the class is Hebrew grammar with translation of exercises and selected chapters from Genesis. Textbooks: Davidson's "Hebrew Grammar" and "Genesis" (Kittel's edition).

2. JUNIOR HEBREW.-All students entering the Junior Hebrew Class will be expected to have undergone a course of Hebrew grammar equivalent to that covered in the Elementary Hebrew Class. Meets during all three terms at 10 A.M. at least three times a week. The work of the Class is Hebrew grammar and syntax with exercises and reading of selected portions from the historical books of the Old Testament. Text-books: Davidson's "Introductory Hebrew Grammar"; Davidson's "Hebrew Syntax"; Hebrew Bible (Kittel's edition).

3. SENIOR HEBREW (Graduation Class).-Meets during all three terms at 9 A.M. at least three times a week. The work of the Class is Hebrew syntax and reading in the historical, prophetical, and poetical books of the Old Testament. For 1919-1920, Ezekiel, Zephaniah, Haggai, Psalms, Book V. Passages for translation into Hebrew and exegetical and critical exercises are prescribed. Lectures on the Introduction to the Old Testament, the History of the Text of the Old Testament, and the History of Israel are delivered. Text-books: Davidson's "Hebrew Syntax"; Gesenius' "Hebrew Grammar," translated by Cowley; Hebrew Bible (Kittel's edition).

Students entering the Senior Class have to undergo an examination in Hebrew grammar, syntax, and translation, as a test of their fitness to enter the Class. The examination will be held on Thursday, 9th October, 1919, at 9 A.M. Subjects: Davidson's "Hebrew Grammar" and "Hebrew Syntax" and translation, parsing, and analysis of 1 Kings.

4. ADVANCED HEBREW (Advanced Graduation Class).-Meets for two or three terms at 12 noon. The work of the class is (1) the reading and exegesis of portions of the prophetical and poetical books of the Old Testament, (2) Introduction to the Minor Prophets, (3) Text and Canon of the Old Testament. Lectures on Jewish History and Antiquities are also given. The books for 1919-1920 are: Jeremiah, Amos, Nahum and Job.

II. SYRIAC.-Syriac (elementary) and Arabic (elementary) in alternate years (Syriac in 1919-20 and Arabic in 1920-21) to be followed in each case by a graduation class in the succeeding year.

1. ELEMENTARY.-Meets during the first and the second terms or the second and the third terms according to the convenience of students two or three times a week. Text-books: Strack's "Abriss des biblischen Aramäisch; Nestle's "Syriac Grammar," translated by Kennedy; Brockelmann's "Syrische Grammatik Merx's "Chrestomathia Targumica"; Rödiger's "Chrestomathia Syriaca".