from the dead; He ascended into heaven; And sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty; From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost; The Holy Catholic Church; The communion of Saints; The forgiveness of sins; The resurrection of the body, And the life everlasting. Amen! CREED ADOPTED AT THE COUNCIL OF NICE, A. D. 325.' We believe in One God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ the Son of God, begotten of the Father, Only-begotten, that is, of the Substance of the Father: God of God, Light of Light, Very God of Very God: begotten not made: of one substance with the Father: by whom all things were made in heaven and upon the earth: who for us men and for our salvation came down and was made flesh, and was made Man: suffered and rose again the third day and ascended into the heavens and he shall come again with glory to judge the living and dead. And in the Holy Spirit. And the Catholic and Apostolic Church anathematizes those who say "there was a time when he was not," "and before he was born he was not" and those saying "that he was made out of nothing or of another substance or essence, or that the Son of God is created, or altered, or changed." THE CREED ADOPTED AT THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE, A. D. 381: PRESENT 150 BISHOPS. We believe in One God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth and of all things visible and invisible: And in One Lord Jesus Christ the Onlybegotten Son of God, begotten of his Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, Very God of Very God, begotten not made, of one substance with the Father: by whom all things were made: who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary, and was made man; and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures: and ascended into heaven and sitteth on the right hand of the Father: and he shall come again to judge the living and the dead: whose kingdom shall have no end. And [We believe] in the Holy Spirit who is the Lord, the Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. And [We believe] in one holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen! 1 Attended by 318 bishops. Iao der Lebendigmacher-rd (woroιóv. 3" AND THE SON 99 was afterwards inserted by the Spanish Bishops. The insertion of the words "AND THE SON" was finally sanctioned by the Roman Church in 883, but has never been received by the Greek Church.-American Encycl. Art. Creed. CHAPTER IX. GENESIS AND EXODUS. It shall come to pass that the glory of Iacob shall be made thin! Isaiah, xvii. 4. Artapanus says, in his account of the Jews, that, after the death of Abraham and his son as well as Mempsasthenoth the king of the Egyptians, his son Palmanothes assumed the crown, and carried himself with great severity towards the Jews. And he compelled them first to build Kessa' and to construct the temple that is therein, and also the temple that is in Heliopolis. He had a daughter whose name was Merris who was married to a king named Chenephres then reigning in Memphis; for there were at that. time several kings in Egypt. And, as she was barren, she brought up a child of the Jews, and named it Moüses: but when he arrived at manhood he was called among the Greeks Musæus.' It was the habit of the ancients to refer important institutions of a preceding period to mythic names.' Amos, Amus or Mus (Mushi, Mosah) was an ancient Phoenician and Mysian god. Taaut (Hermes, Thoth) is the personified "Wisdom" which, as Sacred Scribe of Saturn, has inscribed the course of Nature and the destinies of the world in the stars. Instead of him, to the seven Cabiri, the planetary Powers, are ascribed these works, and they have written down all as the god Taaut commissioned them to do. The first book of Thoth contained the daily hymns sung 1 Zeus Acas-ios; the HYKS-os; Cush. 2 Cory, Anc. Fragments. Movers, 109. in Egypt in praise of the gods; the second, directions for the life of the kings; the third, fourth and fifth, astrological doctrines the ten following contained hieroglyphics, cosmogony, geography, the arrangement of the Sun, Moon and five Planets, the description of Egypt, the Nile, rhythm, the holy utensils, &c., theology, medicine, &c., &c. The Babylonian, Phoenician and Egyptian sacred books date back to a fabulous antiquity. The Egyptian sacred books are older than the oldest parts of the Book of Genesis, which paints the life of the priests just as it was known to be in later times. A priest-college occupied with expounding of dreams and magic appears at the court of Pharah as early as the history of Joseph.' Even the name Hierogrammateus (sacred scribe) occurs in the Hebrew translation, in the Pentateuch.' The Chaldeans reckon the age of their sacred books with astronomical numbers." It is God's law that the human mind is susceptible of increase. The great world-mind progresses continually and adds to its own thought forever. The sacred writings of the Hebrews, Persians and the Egyptian Book of the Dead, have come down to us in the latest shape which they assumed. The Books of Moses in their present form were probably completed after the Exile. Many passages of Leviticus (ch. xxvi.) and Deuteronomy (ch. xxviii.) reveal an author who foresees the immediate dissolution of the kingdom and uses the language of the prophets of this period, especially Jeremiah. In the oldest parts of the Pentateuch the language is as completely formed and as perfect as at the time. of the Exile. Genesis contains the conception of Homer's Zeus, the frequent introduction of "angels," and the late doctrine of "the Angel of the Lord." The Hebrews had chiefly Egyptian customs, such as the hierarchy of the Levites, the distinction between clean and unclean animals, the circumcision, the division of the parts of the temple, the ark of the covenant (see Plutarch de Is. et Osir., c. 35), the resemblance of the cherubim and the sphynx.' But ye have borne Sacoth your Malak and your Chion, your ZALAMI (idols). Amos, v. 26. In the worship of Moloch the holy symbols were preserved in a gold box or chapel. The arcana of the Chaldeans were preserved in a golden box of Chom. The image of Mars, called by the Egyptians Chom and Moloch, was kept at Papremis in a miniature temple of wood covered with gold. The attendant priests placed it on a four-wheeled carriage and drew it along." In Egypt the ark was carried in procession on a boat, the bari of Ammon. The god himself is either seated in the centre of the bari, or this place is occupied by a shrine in which he is concealed. Sometimes the shrine was not carried in a boat, but the image of the god stood upright upon a platform supported by poles which the priests carried. The ark of the Hebrews was furnished with rings in which the poles were inserted.* The Ark stood between the cherubim. In the interior of the Egyptian temples were arks or sacred boxes containing the symbols and mysteries." And they carried the ark of the Alohim in a new cart out of the house of Abinadab. And David and all Israel played before the Alohim with all might and with singing, harps, psalteries, cymbals and trumpets.-1 Chron. xiii. 7, 8. Behold I will smite with the rod that is in my hand upon the waters which are in the River (Nile) and they shall be turned to blood.-Exodus, vii. 17. In Egypt, the phenomenon of the Green Nile, which is owing to stagnant water carried forward by the new inundation and once more thrown into the bed of the river, seldom lasts 1 Uhlemann, Thoth, 7, 8. 2 Herodot. ii. 63; Movers, 355. Choum (Chom) is Satan, Apollo Chomaeus and Baal of the heat.-Movers, 291. 3 4 Bryant, Mythol. i. 252. Kenrick, i. 386, 385; Munk's Palestine, 158. Munk, 158; Taylor's Proclus, p. xxviii. more than three or four days.' Osborn saw the phenomenon of the Red Nile. "The river in the sunlight presented the perfect appearance of a river of blood." During the entire period of the high Nile the waters never lose the deep red tinge. The three states of the Nile were the Blue, Green and Red.' The first rise of the waters covered it with a greenish vegetable matter. In the Amenophion at Luxor are two figures of the Nile, one which represents its ordinary state is colored blue, the other red. The red is the symbol of the inundation and is owing to a mixture of the red oxide of iron. The plagues of the frogs, lice and flies are described by Philo with a minuteness not to be found. in the inspired account. The Hebrews crossed the Red Sea at Hahiroth where it is fordable." Chæremon says that Isis appeared to Amenophis in his dreams rebuking him that her temple should have been overthrown in war. Upon which Phritiphantes the sacred scribe told him that if he would clear Egypt of all polluted persons he would be delivered from these terrors. He therefore collected 25,000 unclean persons and drove them out. Their leaders were two scribes called Moyses and Josephus, the latter of whom was a sacred scribe; but their Egyptian names were, that of Moyses, Tisithen, and that of Josephus, Peteseph. They bent their way towards Pelusium where they met with 380,000 men left there by Amenophis whom he would not suffer to come into Egypt. With these they made a treaty and invaded Egypt.' According to Lysimachus, Bocchoris assembled the priests and attendants of the altars and commanded them to gather together all the unclean persons and deliver them over to the soldiers to lead them forth into the desert; but to wrap the lepers in sheets of lead and cast them into the |
