perceive that some persons did occasionally act in opposition to their apparent self-interest. This discovery, however, would by no means raise them in his estimation. Esteeming nothing to be valuable which did not directly or indirectly terminate in self, he would "assuredly turn round and "regard those as fools and blockheads" who acted from motives, the excellence of which he was utterly incapable of perceiving.

Generosity of conduct springs from Benevolence and Conscientiousness. We have seen that these formed no part of the character we are considering; and, though Love of Approbation, or the desire of standing well in the opinion of others, might have exerted a considerable influence on the conduct, this sentiment was also moderate; and hence that love of fame which often prompts to deeds of virtuous enterprise would be in a great degree a stranger to his bosom. He would not, therefore, "seek reputation at the "cannon's mouth." Selfishness, which we have seen enters so deeply into the character, would ever prompt the question "cui bono ?" And his want of sympathy with those who acted under the influence of love of glory or renown would lead him to add them "to the aforesaid catalogue of "fools."

That "he would tremble at every joint before the battle "commenced" is chiefly referable to his very large endowment of Cautiousness, and to his moderate endowment of Hope. In such trying circumstances, a sense of duty often sustains the mind; but he could derive no support from this source; and when we advert to the whole development, we may easily conceive the gloom and the horror which would take possession of his soul. Even in the best constituted minds, and to those who are veterans in war, the "dreadful "note of preparation" will always inspire with more or less of the sentiment of fear. Cautiousness is the first faculty which is brought into activity in the immediate prospect of a battle, and it is not till after the action is fairly begun that Combativeness, Destructiveness, Love of Approbation, Self-esteem, and Firmness, come into activity, and almost,

if not altogether, overpower that fear which at first was so predominant. The individual in question would therefore "by no means be a coward," not only because his Combativeness was full, but chiefly from the large endowment of Self-esteem and Firmness which gives determination to the character, and the resolution to stand to the last. Still, however, his large Cautiousness and moderate Love of Approbation would manifest themselves. He would not be found in the " forlorn hope," or fighting in the foremost ranks, "but would take especial care not to run unnecessari"ly into danger." In short, he would be better fitted to sustain than to make an attack. "But wo to the hapless "victim whom his sword should strike to the ground!" &c. Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-esteem, uncontrolled by Benevolence or Conscientiousness, would then come into resistless activity, and the most intense delight would be experienced in "transfixing him with multiplied wounds.” The same combination would lead him to view with ecstasy the destruction of every rank and battalion of the enemy, "and if by the artillery so much the better;" not only because the destruction would be more complete, but because it would be effected with much less personal risk. His capacity of perceiving the advantages of skilful manœuvres is evidently founded on his powerful intellectual development.

A talent for humour is inferred from Wit and Secretivenesss;* and when, to this combination, Destructiveness is added, it produces satire. Benevolence and Conscientiousness being deficient would render it "biting, severe, and sar"castic;" and his small Adhesiveness would lead him to 66 spare neither friend nor foe."

It is scarcely possible to conceive a development more admirably fitted for enabling its possessor to "veil himself and "his doings in the most impenetrable secrecy ;" and when we advert to the nature of these "doings," never was such a development more necessary. When it was inferred that

Phrenological Transactions, p. 174.

"he would pursue his own selfish ends and gratifications "without once being turned aside by the calls of benevo"lence, justice, or friendship," it is evident that his actions would be of the most nefarious and criminal nature. And it is stated towards the end of the sketch, that but for his large endowment of intellect and of Cautiousness, "he must "long since have committed crimes which the justice of his 66 country would have avenged." It has often been remarked, that of all professions that of a consummate rogue is the most difficult to follow, and which most of all requires the constant exercise of the greatest talents. Accordingly these are possessed in the present case in a very high degree. The primitive faculties which produce them are,-Intellect to conceive and devise the best laid plan of villany-Secretiveness to conceal the deep design, with the additional power which this faculty gives, not only to penetrate into the motives of others, but also to personate a character totally the reverse of the real one-Cautiousness to inspire constant watchfulness and circumspection-and Firmness to persevere to the last. No "compunctious visitings of na"ture" would interfere with his "fell purpose" of revenge (and it was predicated that he would be "revengeful"), or whatever other deed of darkness he might be prosecuting; and this arises from Benevolence, Conscientiousness, and Adhesiveness, being all decidedly deficient. To the whole of this combination we have to add the large endowment of Individuality. This faculty takes cognizance of facts and occurrences, and gives a capacity for details. Nothing escapes the observation of one in whom it is large, and acting along with Secretiveness, it gives the tact of perceiving whether what we have said or done has produced the effect we wished and intended. Where it is remarkably deficient, the individual is apt to be more attentive to what is passing in his own mind, or to what he himself is saying (particu larly if Concentrativeness be large), than to be keenly observant of the impression he has made on those to whom he has addressed himself. Firmness, Self-esteem, and Secre

tiveness, are the chief elements on which the inference was founded, that "no human being would ever be able to ex"tract from him that which he had determined to conceal," though the other faculties mentioned materially aid this power. His pride and implacability were inferred from his large Self-esteem and Destructiveness, with deficient Benevolence and Conscientiousness.

That he would be "an adept at seduction," and that he would "most delight in this way to gratify his passions,” was inferred from his large Self-esteem, Secretiveness, and Amativeness, with deficient Conscientiousness. On this point we

beg to refer to an article of our present Number on the combinations of Self-esteem with the other primitive faculties.

His moderate Ideality and the other sentiments, particularly Hope, being also moderate or deficient, accounts for his distaste for poetry; and his large Acquisitiveness would lead him to marvel at any extravagance of expenditure in purchasing works of this nature.

Hope, as its name sufficiently indicates, inspires with delightful anticipations in the prospect of the future, while Cautiousness gives rise to feelings of an opposite description. It is easy therefore to see that "his anticipations would "never be delightful, but always full of apprehension."

Veneration is the chief ingredient which enters into filial duty. This is the only one of the higher sentiments which is well developed; and being the only one, nothing more could be predicated than that "he would not be deficient in "respect for his parents." Veneration also leads "to reverence of ancestry and of superiors in society," and thus is one of the elements of the sentiment of loyalty. But as loyalty, in the most comprehensive sense of the word, would seem also to imply Adhesiveness and some of the higher sentiments, not mentioned as large, this feeling is represented in the individual before us to partake of a considerable admixture of selfish principles, which would lead him in some degree to identify himself with the prince whom he served

Hence also his exclusive preference for his own company, regiment, and country.

mon,

It is unnecessary to inform our readers that the author of the sketch believed he was treating of the talents and dispó sitions of an actual living human being; and it is farther evident that he was under the impression of his being an officer in the British army. Now it is scarcely possible to conceive a character more completely antipodal to the character of the French than that now under consideration. There is scarcely a faculty possessed between them in comThe French development presents moderate Selfesteem and Secretiveness, with comparatively deficient Firmness, Cautiousness, and Causality, all of which we have seen are largely developed in our supposed British officer; while Love of Approbation, of which the French have a large endowment, was in him only moderate in degree. When we recollect, at the same time, the dreadful preponderance of the lower propensities over the higher sentiments, it is easy to see from what sources that deep hatred and unmixed contempt which he is supposed to cherish towards those whom he would regard as the natural enemies of Britain arose, and to justify the ascribing to him "all that bitterness, "hatred, and contempt, which the vehement, unrestrained, " and combined activity of Self-esteem, Combativeness, and "Destructiveness, would produce."

Tuneministers to the gratification of many of the other mental faculties; and the kind of music which will afford the greatest delight will depend on the particular development of each individual. Hence Tune, when combined with Veneration and some of the other higher faculties, will give a taste for sacred music; and, combined with Combativeness and Destructiveness, as in the case before us, "martial music will then be felt and "appreciated." Tune, in combination with Self-esteem and Veneration, would account for the pleasure derived in hearing the King's Anthem. But as Benevolence is deficient, and Hope and Ideality only moderate, while all the lower propensities are strongly developed, "he would take no