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FIG.

25. Ice-striation on the floor and side of a valley

26. Buller of Buchan—a caldron-shaped cavity or blow-hole worn out of granite by the sea on the coast of Aberdeenshire .

27. The Stacks of Duncansby, Caithness, a wave-beaten coast-line 28. Section of submarine plain.

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29. Storm-beach ponding back a stream and forming a lake; west coast of Sutherlandshire.

30. Section of a peat-bog.

31. Diatom-earth from floor of Antarctic Ocean, magnified 300 diameters

32. Recent limestone (cockle, etc.)

33. Globigerina ooze magnified.

34. Section of a coral-reef

35. Cellular lava with a few of the cells filled up with infiltrated mineral matter (Amygdules)

36. Section of a lava-current

37. Elongation of cells in direction of flow of a lava-stream.

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38. Volcanic block ejected during the deposition of strata in water 39. Volcanoes on lines of fissure

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41. Ground-plan of the structure of the Neck shown in Fig. 40
42. Section through the same Neck as in Figs. 40 and 41
43. Volcanic dykes rising through the bedded tuff of a crater
44. Group of quartz-crystals (Rock-crystal)

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45. Calcite (Iceland spar), showing its characteristic rhombohedral

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53. Piece of hæmatite, showing the nodular external form and the internal crystalline structure

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54. Octahedral crystals of magnetite in chlorite schist .

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55. Dendritic markings due to arborescent deposit of earthy manganese oxide

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56. Cavity in a lava, filled with zeolite which has crystallised in long slender needles

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61. Sphærosiderite or Clay-ironstone concretion enclosing portion of a fern

62. Gypsum crystals

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63. Group of fluor-spar crystals

64. Concretions

65. Section of a septarian nodule, with coprolite of a fish as a nucleus.

66. Piece of oolite

67. Piece of pisolite.

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73. Brecciated structure-volcanic breccia, a rock composed of angular fragments of lava, in a paste of finer volcanic debris.

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75. Concretionary forms assumed by Dolomite, Magnesian Limestone, Durham

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76. Weathered surface of crinoidal limestone

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77. Group of crystals of felspar, quartz, and mica, from a cavity in the Mourne Mountain granite

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78. Columnar basalts of the Isle of Staffa, resting upon tuff (to the right is Fingal's Cave)

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83. Cast of a sun-cracked surface preserved in the next succeeding layer of sediment

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85. Vertical trees (Sigillaria) in sandstone, Swansea (Logan)

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94. Curved strata (anticlinal fold), near St. Abb's Head 95. Curved strata (synclinal fold) near Banff

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96. Anticlines and Synclines

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FIG.

97. Section of folded and crumpled strata forming the Grosse Windgälle (10,482 feet), Canton Uri, Switzerland, showing crumpled and inverted strata (after Heim)

98. Distortion of fossils by the shearing of rocks

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IOI. Sections to show the relations of Plications to reversed Faults 102. Throw of a Fault

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103. Ordinary unaltered red sandstone, Keeshorn, Ross-shire
104. Sheared red sandstone forming now a micaceous schist, Keeshorn,
Ross-shire

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105. Outline and section of a Boss traversing stratified rocks 106. Ground-plan of Granite-boss with ring of Contact-Metamorphism 203 107. Intrusive Sheet

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108. Interstratified or contemporaneous Sheets

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109. Section to illustrate evidence of contemporaneous volcanic action 110. Map of Dykes near Muirkirk, Ayrshire

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115. A, Fucoid-like impression (Eophyton Linneanum) from Cambrian

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119. Cambrian Brachiopod (Lingulella Davisii), natural size

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120. An Upper Silurian sea-weed (Chondrites versimilis), natural size 121. Graptolites from Silurian rocks.

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124. Filled-up Burrows or Trails left by a sea-worm on the bed of the

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140. Section of part of the Cape Breton coal-field, showing a succession

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145. Cordaites alloidius .
146. Carboniferous Foraminifer
147. Carboniferous Rugose Corals
148. Carboniferous Sea-Urchin.
149. Carboniferous Crinoid
150. Carboniferous Blastoid

151. Carboniferous Trilobite
152. Carboniferous Polyzoon
153. Carboniferous Brachiopods
154. Carboniferous Lamellibranchs

155. Carboniferous Gasteropods
156. Carboniferous Pteropod
157. Carboniferous Cephalopods
158. Carboniferous Fishes

159. Permian Plants

160. Permian Brachiopods

161. Permian Lamellibranchs

162. Permian Ganoid Fish

163. Permian Labyrinthodont 164. Triassic Plants

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165. Triassic Crinoid

166. Triassic Lamellibranchs 167. Triassic Cephalopods 168. Triassic Lizard

169. Triassic Crocodile Scutes

170. Triassic Marsupial Teeth

171. Jurassic Cycad.

172. Jurassic reef-building Coral

173. Jurassic Crinoid

174. Jurassic Sea-urchin

175. Jurassic Lamellibranchs

176. Jurassic Ammonites.

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FIG.

177. Jurassic Belemnite

178. Jurassic Crustacean 179. Jurassic Fish

180. Jurassic Sea-lizard

181. Jurassic Pterosaur, or flying reptile 182. Jurassic Bird

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183. Jurassic Marsupial Teeth and Jaw 184. Cretaceous Plants

185. Cretaceous Foraminifera

186. Cretaceous Sponge .

187. Cretaceous Sea-urchins

188. Cretaceous Lamellibranchs 189. Cretaceous Lamellibranchs 190. Cretaceous Cephalopods 191. Cretaceous Fish

192. Cretaceous Deinosaur

193. Eocene Plant

194. Eocene Molluscs

195. Eocene Mammal

196. Skull of Tinoceras ingens.

197. Oligocene Molluscs

198. Miocene Plants

199. Mastodon augustidens

200. Skull of Deinotherium giganteum

201. Pliocene Plants

202. Pliocene Marine Shells

203. Helladotherium Duvernoyi—a gigantic animal intermediate in structure between the giraffe and the antelope, Pikermi, Attica.

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204. Pleistocene or Glacial Shells

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205. Mammoth, from the skeleton in the Musée Royal, Brussels. 206. Back view of skull of Musk-sheep, Brick-earth, Crayford, Kent 207. Palæolithic Implements

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208. Antler of Reindeer found at Bilney Moor, East Dereham, Norfolk 209. Neolithic Implements

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