An Elementary Treatise on the Combustion of Coal and the Prevention of Smoke, Chemically and Practically Considered: With an Appendix, Containing the Report of the Newcastle Steam Coal, and the Adjudication of the Premium of £500J. Weale, 1858 - 252 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
admission of air adopted air admitted air entering air-aperture apertures Argand furnace ascertained ash-pit atmospheric air atoms bars bituminous coal body burned bustion carbonic acid carburetted chamber chemical chimney coal gas coke coke gas consequently cooling cubic feet diminished door draught duced effect engineer evaporation excess of air experiments fire fire-grate flame flue gaseous products gases given grate grate-bars Houldsworth hydrogen ignited incandescent increased injurious introducing the air jets land boilers Liverpool Collegiate Institution locomotive marine boilers minutes mixture mode necessarily necessary nitrogen observes obtained ordinary oxide oxygen passing patent Peclet perfect combustion perforated plate practice Prideaux principle produced proportions puddling furnaces pyrometer quantity of air quantity of heat result Robert Kane shown in Fig small orifices space split bridge square foot steam succinic acid sufficient supply of air surface tical tion tubes tubular boiler tubular system valve velocity vessel weight
Pasajes populares
Página 34 - Lastly, be it remembered, that my said new invention consists only in the method of consuming the smoke, and increasing the heat, by causing the smoke and flame of the fresh fuel to pass through very hot funnels or pipes, or among, through, or near, fuel which is intensely hot, and which has ceased to smoke ; and by mixing it with fresh air when in these circumstances...
Página 242 - The whole of the experiments with the competitors' plans were made with the boiler after the heater was added, as also were those made previously for establishing the standard of reference. -We have established as the standard the means of a series of experiments during which the firing was conducted according to the ordinary system, every care, however, being taken to get the maximum of work out of the boiler by keeping the fire-grates clean and by frequent stoking. No air was admitted except through...
Página 109 - ... fed by the scoria and cinders voided from the second or upper set of fire-bars, with a calorific plate, the face of which may be protected by a few firebricks; by which arrangement the current of air entering at the lower part of the furnace passes through two strata of fire, and thence between the calorific plate and the bridge, and is thus so intensely heated as continuously to produce the entire combustion of the gaseous products of the fuel, and to prevent the ordinary formation of smoke.
Página 34 - ... other office, by which means the smoke is still more effectually consumed. In other cases I cause the flame to pass immediately from the fire-place into the space under a boiler, or into the bed of a melting or other furnace.
Página 48 - Mr. Houldsworth estimates the advantages gained by the admission of air (when properly regulated) at 35 per cent., and when passed through a fixed aperture of 43 square inches, at 34 per cent. This is a near approximation to the mean of five experiments, which, according to the preceding table, gives 33£ per cent. , which probably approaches as near the maximum as can be expected under all the changes and vicissitudes which take place in general practice.
Página 229 - ... varying degrees of temperature, or supplies of air. In the first instance, suppose the equivalent of air to be supplied in the proper manner to the gas, namely, by jets, for in this respect the operation is the same as if we were supplying gas to the air, as in the Argand gas-lamp. In such case...
Página 12 - Again, the carbon, on meeting its equivalent of oxygen, unites with it, forming carbonic acid gas, composed of one atom of carbon, (by weight 6,) and two atoms of oxygen, (by weight 16,) the latter, in volume, being double that of the former, as in the annexed figure. Carbonic Acid Fig.
Página 15 - Carbonic acid, we have seen, is a compound of one atom of carbon with two atoms of oxygen ; while carbonic oxide is composed of the same quantity of carbon with but half the above quantity of oxygen, as in the annexed figures.
Página 47 - ... inscribed corresponding with the measurements of the long arm of the lever, and indicating the variable degrees of temperature by the expansion and contraction of the bar. Upon the cylinder is fixed a sheet of paper, on which a daily record of the temperature becomes inscribed, and on which are exhibited the change as well as the intensity of heat in the flues at every moment of time. In using this instrument it has been usual to fix it at the medium temperature of 1000°, which it will be observed...
Página 177 - Where the draught," he observes, "is created by the expenditure of fuel and heat, the expense exceeds one-fourth of the combustible used. If we have not the means of otherwise employing that heat, the natural draught, by the chimney, is then admissible. If, however, that heat may be made available for the purposes of evaporation, and if a draught, mechanically obtained, would cost less, it would then be more advantageous to use it.