Introduction to the History of the Nineteenth Century: From the German, with a Brief Notice of the Author by the TranslatorH.G. Bohn, 1853 - 137 páginas |
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abroad absolutism alliance America appeared aristocracy Austria authority Calvinism Calvinistic Catholic Catholicism century character Charles Christendom Christian church colonies commencement connexion conquest danger democracy democratic despotic power doctrine ecclesiastical emperor empire endeavoured England English equal Europe existence faith favour feudal system foreign form of government France freedom French French Revolution German empire Germany Gervinus hierarchy idea imperial independence influence institutions Italy king kingdom land liberty Louis XIV Luther Macchiavelli maintained Maurice of Saxony ment middle ages middle class military modern monarchy movements Napoleon natural Netherlands nobles opposed oppression papacy papal peace of Westphalia period petty political Pope possessed princes principles privileges Protestant Protestantism Puritans re-action Reformation reign religion religious republic resistance restored revolution Romanic nations Rome rule Russia secular separate Spain Spanish spirit strength struggle Switzerland Teutonic races thirty years war tion unity universal dominion views wars whole
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Página 65 - The theories of freedom in Church and State, taught in the schools of philosophy in Europe, were here brought into practice in the government of a small community. It was prophesied that the democratic attempts to obtain universal suffrage, a general elective franchise, annual parliaments, entire religious freedom, and the Miltonian right of schism would be of short duration.
Página 67 - The rich adopted the tone of the middle class, to which the poor aspired, and from whose customs and for whose convenience the law is actually made. Old and new institutions had not here to be reconciled with one another in the spirit of progressive conservatism, for everything in this state of the future is new, everything is already in progess, and built upon innovations. We are not presented with the image of an ancient incorporated state, of a strict exclusive nationality, but of a society originating...
Página 64 - German empire; and this fundamental principle of independence, increased more and more with the numbers and power of the colonists. The same spirit of democracy, which grew so rapidly in the state, entered also into the affairs of the church, where however it moved more slowly and on a more troubled way. For the former case was decided by necessity, but the latter depended on how far men were fitted by education for free government in religious matters. In some few states, such as Carolina, New York,...
Página 83 - Towards the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries, cocoa was largely and successfully cultivated, but in 1725 a blight fell upon the plantations.
Página 130 - ... in Europe, and in the liberation of the slaves in the West Indies. This is the great feature of the time. The strength of belief and conviction, the power of thought, the force of resolution, a clear view of the object pursued, endurance and self-sacrifice, are all enlisted on the side of...
Página 65 - In some fewstates, such as Carolina, New York, and Maryland, under the philanthropic Lord Baltimore, all religions were tolerated from the beginning, although they were not granted equal privileges. In Virginia conformity was required to the views of the high-church party ; but even amidst the Puritans of Massachusetts, Calvinistic intolerance excluded every other creed from the state, and persecuted Anabaptists and Quakers by exile and death. It was on this very subject that their minister (Robinson)...
Página 61 - If we consider the unity of the government, the royal veto, the power and might which it lends in the relations with foreign powers, we feel as if the state were monarchical. If we view the church, which with a royal pope at its head, endeavours to effect a national unanimity in matters of faith, as Catholicism endeavours to effect general unanimity, we stumble on the theocratic element. If we survey the whole public spirit, the conservative nature of its policy, the character of those to whom the...
Página 65 - Europe, were here [Rhode Island] brought into practice in the government of a small community. It was prophesied that the democratic attempts to obtain universal suffrage, a general elective franchise, annual parliaments, entire religious freedom, and the Miltonian right of schism would be of short duration. But these...
Página 68 - ... upon which the claims of man and the claims of the state have contended, and yet always contend, the church, is here entirely withdrawn from the state; and nothing remains as a ground on which to legislate, and on which the government and the will of the individual can dispute, but general principles. The entire picture of a new state, such as had never before been seen, lies now unrolled before us, after an interval of seventy years. The states of the middle ages, built on corporations, great...
Página 4 - ... the rule of the few to that of the many. But when a state has arrived at its highest point of civilisation and freedom, it again descends from the rule of the many to that of the few, and from the few to that of one. This, as Aristotle has explained, was the case with the states of Greece, and — " The development of the states of Europe in modern times has followed the same course, although in wider relations of numbers, space, and time.