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hence above 30,000 families become by these means more or less literary, at an individual expence, varying from half a guines to two guineas per annum.

The first book society appears to have been formed at Leicester about the year 1740; and among its members were the late Dr Pulteney, the Rev. Mr Aikin, (father of Dr A. and Mrs Barbauld,) and other persons who have subsequently acquired celebrity. The plan spread from that centre of the kingdom till it has been generally adopted.

The first permanent library was the old library at Birmingham, which had once the honour to rank Dr Priestley and Mr Watt among its members, and was instituted about the year 1776.

Besides, there also exist in every parish and hamlet of the empire, Newspaper Societies, in which seven, eight, or nine persons, club their sixpence, or even a penny, a-week, to take in and circulate from one to the other, a London, and one, two, or three, provincial papers. Of these there are not less than 5000 scattered through the empire, serving with mental food at least 50,000 families.

Circulating Libraries are a species of reading societies, but not under the direction of subscribers. It is computed that there are in the united kingdom at least 1500 of them, supported on an average by 70 subscribers, and supplying with books

at least 100,000 individuals regularly, and another 100,000 occasionally.

There exist likewise an infinite number of minor reading institutions, formed by sects and parties, to effect various purposes of zealots in church and state.

Besides these institutions, whose objects are books and the use of the press, above 150 societies exist in Great Britain, provided with apparatus for Philosophical and Chemical experiments.

The Societies in England are nearly in the proportion of 10 in Scotland 4, in Ireland 2, and in Wales 1,-the population in millions being respectively at 11, 3, 6,

and 2.

Africa.-Mr Campbell, the missionary, whose former Travels into South Africa are before the public, has lately returned after another journey equally interesting. He penetrated 800 miles from Cape Town, a greater distance than any other traveller whose good fortune it has been to return, and considerably beyond Latakoo. He has discovered several new and large towns. The population of some of those amount to 10,000 or 12,000 persons; the people friendly and docile, possessing much skill in the manufacture of pottery, in smelting of iron, and other useful arts, besides so intelligent as to know the value of, and wish for the introduction of better informed artizans. They have likewise desired missionaries to be sent to them.

WORKS PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

LONDON.

MR O'CONNOR's long expected translation of the ancient Chronicles of Ullad, prefaced by an ample dissertation on the Phoenician language, in which the chronicles are written, is about to be put to press. The earliest of these chronicles are anterior to the age of Moses, and give the history of the tribe of Iber, its migrations from Asia to Spain and Ireland, and the political events of the monarchy, from the year 2000 to 15 before Christ. A work of greater originality, curiosity, and we will add, of more unequivocal authenticity, was perhaps never submitted to the world. The MSS. from which Mr O'Connor makes his translation are about 700 years old, and will be exhibited in London, at the time the work is published, for the satisfaction of the curious.

Proposals have been circulated by Mr. Valpy for publishing by subscription, a collection from the works of the most celebrated poets of Italy, from the end of the twelfth to the beginning of the nineteenth century; arranged in chronological order,

and accompanied by biographical and critical accounts of their lives and writings, extracted from the most distinguished writers on the literary history of Italy; under the direction of William Roscoe, Esq. author of the Life of Lorenzo de' Medici, and of the Life of Leo X., &c. It will be printed in 48 parts, octavo; each to average 400 pages, and 12 to be delivered in

the year.

It will be ornamented with at least eight portraits of those eminent authors, of whom authentic likenesses can be obtained.

Those papers which have appeared in the London Monthly Magazine under the signature of "Common Sense," on Philosophical subjects, are printing separately, and will soon appear in a collected volume, under the title of Essays on the Proximate Causes of the Materiel of the Universe. They have undergone revision and enlargement, and will be illustrated by engravings.

Mr Lowe, author of the statistical ar... ticles on England and France, in the Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica,

is preparing for press a volume on the situation and prospects of this country, in regard to Agriculture, Trade, and Finan

ces.

Early next month will be published a Treatise on the Game of Chess, including the Games of the Anonymous Modonese and the Traité des Amateurs; and containing many remarkable situations, original as well as selected, by John Cochrane, Esq. in 8vo, illustrated by numerous diagrams and an engraved frontispiece.

Speedily will be published in 8vo, Essays on the Formation and Publication of Opinions, and on other subjects.

In the press, the Triple Aim; or the Improvement of Leisure, Friendship, and Intellect, attempted in epistolary correspondence.

Speedily will be published, a Plea for the Nazarenes, in a letter to the British Reviewer; by Servetus.

It is intended in future, for the convenience of country subscribers, to publish the Monthly Journal of Voyages and Travels, on the 1st day of the month, with the other journals and magazines, instead of the fifteenth, as heretofore. The number to appear on the first of July will contain an original account of Captain Parry's late voyage.

On the 1st of July 1821 will be published No. I. of Zoological Researches in the Island of Java, &c. with figures of native quadrupeds and birds; by Thomas Horsfield, M. D. F. L. S. The work will be comprised in eight numbers, royal 4to.

The publishers of Moses' Etchings from Ketch's Outlines to the Faustus of Goethe, induced by the extraordinary demand for those very spirited illustrations, which has already occasioned the slight analysis that accompanied them to be out of print, are preparing a translation of a considerable portion of that wild and singular play into English blank verse. A brief abstract of the several scenes will unite those translations, and form a connected story; it not being deemed advisable to translate the whole for reasons which every reader of Goethe will readily admit. The work will form an octavo volume, and will be published in the course of next month.

Shortly will be published, a reprint of that very rare and curious little manual, Arthur Warwick's Spare Minutes; or Resolved Meditations and Premeditated Resolutions. It will be on super-royal 16mo. with fac-similes of the singular emblematical frontispieces, and the explanatory poems of Francis Quarles and George Withers.

A novel is in the press, to be called The Soldier's Child, or Virtue Triumphant; by Charlotte Caroline Richardson, author of Harvest, a poem; also of Isaac and Rebecca, and other poems.

A new Annual Register is announced by

Messrs Rivington, as preparing for publication. The first volume, commencing with the reign of George IV. will be published in the course of this year.

In addition to Mr Busby's new and interesting work on the American Penitentiaries, mentioned in our last number, he is on the point of publishing a detailed architectural print of the magnificent suspended wooden bridge over the Delaware, in the high road between New York and Philadelphia-a structure far surpassing the famous bridge of Schauffhausen.

Mr A. Maxwell, the author of Plurality of Worlds, or Letters, Notes, and Memoranda, philosophical and critical, in reply to the Rev. Dr Chalmers; is preparing for the press, a translation from the Latin, of Conamen recuperandi Notitiam Principiorum Veteris et Vera Philosophiæ, &c., by A. S. Catcott, LL. B.-or an attempt to recover the principles of the ancient or true philosophy, collected from the sacred writings, and lately explained by the eminent John Hutchinson, Esq. with a new preface and many additional notes, and illustrated by plates, which clearly elucidate the different phenomena, connected with the annual and diurnal motions of the earth.

The Rev. Robert Hall has in the press a new edition of his Apology for the Freedom of the Press, with some additions.

Mr Moffat, author of Christina's Revenge, or the Fate of Monaldeschi, is preparing for publication a poem, entitled The Village Church Yard.

Mr Dunn is preparing for the press a new edition of the dramatic composition of Gambold, entitled the Martyrdom of Ignatius; it will be accompanied by a long prefatory dissertation in the way of com

ment.

EDINBURGH.

GREEK GRADUs.-Printing at the Edinburgh University Press," LEXICON GRÆCO POETICUM," or a New Greek Prosodiac Lexicon, in which the leading or primary signification of the words is given in Latin, the doubtful vowels carefully marked, and the authorities subjoined in an extract from some of the poets, together with synonyms, epithets, and phrases, arranged after the manner of the Latin Gradus.

Extract of a letter from the late Dr Neilson to the publishers :-"Your letter enclosed also copies of the specimen of the new Prosodiac Lexicon. I think the title, "Lexicon Græco-Poeticum,' preferable to that of Gradus ad Parnassum,' (which is the name of a book already well known.) I have no doubt at all but the gentleman who composes the work is fully master of his subject. I think the composer of the specimen improves on Maltby by marking the quantities of the doubtful vowels in the synonyms," &c.

The literary world will soon be gratified with the publication of the late Dr Murray's Enquiries into the Origin and Progress of the European Languages; to which will be prefixed, a very interesting Memoir of his Life, written by himself, with Letters, &c. &c. The whole will be comprised in 2 vols. 8vo.

Historical Sketch of the Opinions entertained by Medical Men respecting the varieties and the secondary occurrence of Small-Pox; with Observations on the Nature and Extent of the Security afforded by Vaccination against attacks of that disease, in a Letter to Sir James M'Grigor, Direc

tor General of the Army Medical Department; by John Thomson, M. D. F. R.S. E. Surgeon to the Forces, Professor of Military Surgery in the University of Edinburgh.

Sketches of Upper Canada, Domestic, Local, and Characteristic, to which are added, Practical Details for the information of Emigrants of every class, and some recollections of the United States of America; by John Howison, Esq.

An Abridginent of the Edinburgh Gazetteer, in one thick volume 8vo, double columns.

MONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

LONDON.

ANTIQUITIES.

No. 1. of the Architectural Antiquities of Rome, containing the Triumphal Arch of Titus displayed in two Views and eight outline plates with letter-press, imperial folio, L. 1, 11s. 6d.

ASTRONOMY.

Elements of Astronomy: containing an accurate and compendious description of the general Phenomena of the Heavens, &c; by A. Picquot. 12mo. 7s. 6d. bound.

The Excursions of a Spirit; with a survey of the Planetary World, a Vision; with four illustrative plates, 12mo. 5s.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Richard Baynes's Catalogue of Books for 1821-22 of near 9000 Articles; containing many rare and curious in Divinity, Sermons, MSS., History, Mathematics, Black-letter books, &c. &c. 3s.

Clarke's Bibliotheca Legum; or a complete Catalogue of the Common and Statute Law Books of the United Kingdom, with an account of their Dates and Prices. 98.

BIOGRAPHY.

Oliver Cromwell and his Times; by Thomas Cromwell. 8vo. 14s. bds.

A Short Account of the Life of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K.B.; by A. Duncan, M.D. 8vo. 1s. 6d. sewed.

Memoirs of Queens, illustrious and celebrated; by Mary Hays, Author of Female Biography, &c. 8vo. with portraits. 12s. bds.

Memoirs of Count Borunlarki; containing a sketch of his Travels, with an account of his reception at the different Courts of Europe, &c. &c. Portrait, 8vo. 12s.

A Biographical Dictionary of the Worthies of Ireland, from the earliest period to the present; by Richard Ryan.; 2 vols. 8vo, 30s.

DRAMA.

Saul, a Tragedy; translated from the Italian of Alfieri; and Jephtha's Daughter, a Scripural Drama; by a Lady. 5s.

EDUCATION.

A View of the Elementary Principles of Education, founded on the Study of the Nature of Man; by J. G. Spurzheim, M.D. 12mo. 7s. 6d. boards.

The Imperial School Atlas: containing maps of the Empires, Kingdoms, and States of the World; to which are added the most useful maps of Ancient Geography, &c. &c.; by James Miller, M.D. 4to. L. 1, 5s. half-bound.

The Rebellious School Girl; a Tale; by Mary Hughes. 18mo. 2s. half-bound.

Pleasing and Instructive Stories for Young Children. 18mo. 1s. 6d. halfbound.

The Automatical Camera Obscura; exhibiting scenes from Nature; by Thomas Towne. 18mo, 3s. half-bound.

An Introduction to Latin Construing, or Easy and Progressive Lessons for Reading; by J. Bosworth. 12mo. 3s. 6d.

Latin Construing, or Easy and Progressive Lessons from Classical Authors; by J. Bosworth, Vicar of Little Horwood, Bucks. 12mo. 3s. 6d.

A slight Sketch of an Easy Method of Teaching Languages; by Lieut. Colonel A. W. Light, 25th regiment of foot. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

National Education Assisted by Industry; by Anne Elizabeth Lovell. 2s.

An Improved Grammar of the English Language. In which the Genius of the English Tongue is especially attended to, and all imitations of the Greek and Latin Grammars discarded; by William Greathead Lewis. 3s. 6d. bds.

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FINE ARTS.

Letters on the Scenery of Wales; including a Series of Subjects for the Pencil, and Instructions to Pedestrian Tourists; by the Rev. R. H. Newell. Embellished with numerous plates, royal 8vo. 15s. boards.

Sixteen Engravings from Real Scenes, supposed to be described in the Novels and Tales of the Author of Waverley, &c. 12mo. 10s.-8vo. 16s.

No. XXX. of the Cabinet of Arts. Four plates, 3s.

No. LXV. of the Repository of Arts. Six plates, 4s.

The Martial Achievements of Great Britain and her Allies, during the most memorable period of Modern History. Elephant 4to. embellished with 51 engravings coloured in imitation of the drawings, L. 13, 13s. half bound, red backs and corners, or on large paper, L.. 27, 6s.

The Naval Achievements of Great Britain and her Allies, during the most memorable period of Modern History. Elephant 4to. with 51 engravings coloured in imitation of the drawings. L. 13, 13s. half-bound, blue backs and corners, or L. 27, 6s. on large paper.

Part II. of Physiognomical Portraits; containing Biographical Notices in English and French, and 10 Portraits printed on French paper. Imperial 8vo. L. 1, Is.

The Sportsman's Repository, comprising 40 highly finished Engravings, representing a complete Series of the Horse and Dog in all their varieties; executed in the line manner, by J. Scott, from original paintings; accompanied with an Historical description of the different Species, with Anecdotes, &c. 4to. L. 3, 3s.

HISTORY.

Simond de Sismondi Histoire des Francais, première Livraison, comprenant L'Histoire Nationale du quatrième jusq'ua dixième siecle, sous les Merovingiens et les Carlovingiens. 3 vols, 8vo. L. 1, 10s. boards.

A Memoir of the Operations of the British Army in India, during the Mahratta War; by Lieut.-Colonel Valentine Blacker, 4to. L. 4, 14s. 6d. boards.

LAW.

Practical Instructions for Suffering the most usual Common Recoveries at the Bar of the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster; containing the forms of the Do. cuments, the Rules of Court, and Decided Cases; by Samuel Gibbs. 8vo. 6s. boards.

A Summary of the Law of Lien; with an Appendix of Cases; by Basil Montagu, Esq. 8vo. 12s. boards.

An Exposition of the Privileges of the City of London, in regard to the Claims of Non-Freeman to Deal by Wholesale within its Jurisdiction; by George Norton, Esq. Barrister at Law. 2s. 6d.

MEDICINE AND SURGERY.

A Treatise on Cataract; by P. C. De la Garde. 8vo. 8s. boards.

Practical Observations on the Use of the Cubebs, or Java Pepper, in the Cure of the Gonorrhea; with Cases; by Henry Jeffreys, Esq. Surgeon. 3s.

Vol. III. of the Transactions of the Association of Fellows and Licentiates of the King's and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland. 14s. boards.

Essays on Hypochondriasis, and other Nervous Affections; by John Reid, M.D. 8vo.

A Syndesmological Chart, or a Table of the Ligaments of the Human Skeleton; by J. Dickinson, M.D. 1s.

MINERALOGY.

A Manuel of Mineralogy; containing an account of Simple Minerals, and also a description and arrangement of Mountain Rocks; by Robert Jameson. 8vo. 15s. boards.

MISCELLANIES.

Farewell Letters to a Few Friends in Britain and America, on returning to Bengal in 1821; by William Ward of Serampore. 12mo. 6s. boads.

Culinary Chemistry; exhibiting the Scientific Principles of Cookery; with Concise Instructions for Preparing Good and Wholesome Pickles, Vinegar, Conserves, Fruit, Jellies, Marmalades, &c. &c.; by Frederick Accum. With plates, 12mo. 9s. 6d. boards.

Remarkable Providences; or the Mercies of God Exemplified, in many Extraordinary Instances of Men, Women, and Children, being almost Miraculously Preserved from Premature Death. Collected and Arranged by Joseph Taylor. 12mo. 6s. 6d.

Annals of the Parish; or the Chronicles of Dalmailing, during the Ministry of the Rev. Micah Balwhidder: written by himself. 12mo. 8s. boards.

The Personal Narrative of a Private Soldier, who served in the 42d Highlanders for 12 years during the late War. f. c. 8vo. 6s. boards.

The National Monument of Royal Virtue, or Tours to Claremont, Windsor, and Kensington, just after the Demise of the Royal Inhabitants; with plates. 1s. 6d.

A Treatise on Geodetic Operations, on County Surveying, Land Surveying and Levelling; by Isaac Robson. Plates, 8vo. 18s.

A Dialogue in the Shades between Wm. Caxton, a Modern Bibliomaniac, and Wm. Wynhen, &c. &c. 2s. 6d.

St George and St Denys, a Dialogue ; by Hugh Melrose. 8vo. 5s. 6d.

An Account of the Coronation of the Kings of England: with a description of the Dresses, Crowns, &c. also the Prayers,

Oaths, Oblations, &c. used on the occasion. 1s. 6d.

The Tradesman, Merchant, and Accountant's Assistant; by David Booth. 8vo. 9s. boards.

NOVELS.

The Life of a Boy; by the Author of the Panorama of Youth. 2 vols. 12mo. 14s. The Sisters. 4 vols. post 8vo. L. 1, 8s. The Hermit's Cave, or the Fugitive's Retreat; a Romance; by Zara Wentworth. 4 vols. 12mo. L. 1.

The Privateer, a Tale. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo.

Heraline; or Opposite Proceedings; by Letitia Matilda Hawkins. 4 vols. 8vo. L. 1, 12s.

Old Wives Tales; or the History of the Cricket Family and Barnaby Byas. 12mo. 3s.

Fidelia; or the Prevalence of Fashion. 12mo. 5s. 6d. boards.

Rank and Fashion; or the Mazes of Life; by Mr Freer. 3 vols. 12mo.

ORIENTAL HISTORY.

A Chronological Retrospect; or, Memoirs of the principal events in Mahomedan History, from the Death of the Arabian Legislator, to the Accession of Emperor Akbor, and the establishment of the Moghul Empire in Hindostaum, from the Original Persian Authorities; by Major David Price, of the East India Company's Service. 3 vols. 4to. L. 7, 17s. 6d.

NATURAL HISTORY.

A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnæus and other Naturalists, from Original MSS; by Sir J. E. Smith, M. D. F.R.S. President of the Linnæan Society. 2 vols. 8vo. L. 1, 10s.

POETRY.

The Lord of the Desert; Sketches of Scenery, Foreign and Domestic; Odes; and other Poems; by David Carey, Esq. f. c. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Cleone, and other Poems; by Oscar, author of Zayda. f. c. 8vo. 6s. 6d. boards.

The Garden of Florence; and other Poems by John Hamilton. f. c. 8vo. 7s. boards.

Lays on Land; by Ismael Fitzadam. f. c. 8vo. 7s. boards.

Childhood; a Poem; by Rev. C. T. S. Hornby, M.A. 5s. 6d.

The Maniac; or, the Fall of Reason; with an Engraving from Westall. 3s. 6d. The Deluge; a Poem. 3s. 6d.

The Old English Squire; a Poem in ten cantos, 8vo; embellished with 24 humorous prints, coloured. L. 1, 11s. 6d. boards.

Christina's Revenge; or, the Fate of Monaldeschi; with other Poems; by J. M. Moffat. f. c. 7s. 6d.

All Our Glories; an Epic Poem, in two parts, with a Lithographic Fly Leaf to Lord Byron. 8vo. 65.

POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. Statement of the Question of Parliamentary Reform, with a reply to the Objections of the Edinburgh Review. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

An Inquiry into those Principles respecting the Nature of Demand, and the necessity of Consumption lately advocated by Mr Malthus, from which it is concluded that Taxation, and the maintenance of unproductive consumers, can be conducive to the progress of Wealth. 4s.

Brief Consideration on the present state of the Police of the Metropolis, with a few suggestions towards its improvement; by L. B. Allen, one of the Magistrates of Union Hall. 2s. 6d.

Hints for Radical Reform, on Principles of Equity; by Amor Patriæ. 8vo. 2s. 6d. A View of the Causes, Tendency, and Events of the late Revolution in Portugal. 2s. 6d.

The Principles and Doctrine of Assurances, Annuities, and Contingent Reversions, stated and explained; by W. Morgan, Esq. F. R. S. 8vo. 12s. bds.

THEOLOGY.

The Book of Enoch the Prophet, an Apocryphal production, supposed to have been lost for ages, but discovered at the close of the last century in Abyssinia, now first translated from an Ethiopic MS. in the Bodleian Library; by Richard Lawrence, LL. D. 8vo. 9s. bds.

The Old Testament, arranged on the basis of Lightfoot's Chronicle, in Historical and Chronological order, in such manner, that the Books, Chapters, Psalms, Prophecies, &c. may be read as one connected history, in the words of the authorized translation; by the Rev. George Townsend, M. A. of Trinity College, Cambridge. 2 vols. 8vo. L. 1, 16s.

A Country Parson's first offering to his Mother Church; in nine Pastoral Sermons. 12mo. 3s. bds.

An Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, for the Edification of Youth, intended as a sequel to a series of Theological Tracts; by Mrs Hake. 18mo. 1s. 6d. bds.

Nine Discourses on Important Subjects, delivered in St Mark's Church, Liverpool; by the Rev. W. Morton. 8vo. 6s. 6d. bds.

Metrical Version of the Collects, for every Sunday in the year; by the Rev. C. H. Beatson, M. A. 12mo. 4s. bds. Cottage Conversations, or Good Advice to the Poor; by the Rev. Joseph Jones, M. A. 12mo. 2s. 6d. bds.

Prayers for the Use of Families, compiled from the Book of Common Prayer; by the same. 12mo. 9d. sewed.

Truth needs no Apology; by a Layman. 8vo. is. sewed.

The Spirit of Prophecy. 8vo. Is. 6d. sewed.

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