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whence they are repulsed by the peasantry, and die of famine and misery.

The government have decreed that no communication should be held between Barcelona and the rest of Spain; and the fever having been communicated by a foreign vessel to Marseilles, the French government have also promulgated a royal ordinance upon the subject, ordering the immediate establishment of a cordon of health to be extended along the frontiers of Spain, between which kingdom and France all communication is limited to one prescribed route, and travellers will be subjected to the performance of quarantine. Upwards of 67,000 passports were delivered before the establishment of the cordon.

PORTUGAL. In this country the Cortes are employed in modifying and completing the constitution. That assembly was occupied, in its late deliberations, with the regulation of his Majesty's council of state. The council is to consist of eight members, chosen by the king, but from a triple list of names which the Cortes are to provide. It was first decreed that each member of the council should attend the sittings of the Cortes, and have a vote in the affairs of his own depart ment; but, after a debate upon the subject, it was resolved that they should not have a vote, nor even be present. The remaining regulations are mere matters of form. By a decree of the Cortes, a new national cockade has been adopted for Portugal. The colours are white and blue.

In the sitting of the Cortes on the 28th August, a vote was read from the minister of the Interior, requiring to know "whether his Majesty could appoint one of his councillors to the office of one of the Secretaries of State for the several departments into which the affairs of the kingdom are divided?" This question was discussed with great vehemence. One deputy declared that the minister had sinister views in propounding it, which he would expose if it were persisted in ; another proclaimed it a "manœuvre," and many declared that a power of nomination would be an inroad upon the constiAfter a warm debate, it was decided, that the king cannot appoint one of his councillors to such secretaryship, nor to any other office or employ

tution.

ment."

TURKEY, RUSSIA, AND GREECE.The apprehensions of an immediate war between Russia and Turkey have now nearly ceased; and the foreign journals now express a confident opinion that there will be no interruption to the peace which

subsists; in confirmation of which it is stated, that the Turkish troops have received orders to evacuate Wallachia and Moldavia; and that the Russian force on the frontiers of Moldavia had fallen back to their former positions. The trade between Constantinople and Odessa has also been resumed, and the passage of the Dardanelles is again free.

The answer of the Turkish government to the Russian ultimatum appears in some of the German papers. It states in substance, that "the Porte has al ways respected treaties with other powers, and especially with Russia. The ener getic and extraordinary measures taken against the Greeks were only directed against rebellious subjects. Every government has the right, and even con. tracts the obligation, to punish traitors, and all who disturb public order. The Ottoman government has disapproved of the excesses committed by the populace; but the people had taken up arms en masse to defend their religion and the legitimate throne. It promises that Wallachia and Moldavia shall be evacuated, when the insurrection, of which they were the theatre, should be entirely suppressed, and peace and order re-established there. The detention of some ship laden with corn, in the Bosphorus, or in the port of Constantinople, it says, was a measure commenced by the necessity of storing the capital with provisions; besides, it was the local authorities who adopted this measure, without waiting for orders from the government: finally, it states that the Christians provoked this step, because their privateers kept the Dardanelles in a state of blockade; the Porte, however, is willing to grant a reasonable indemnity to such Russian subjects as shall prove that they have sustained loss by the measure; and the free navigation of the Streight shall be re-established. The Porte never entertained any other views than the punishment of the guilty; and it finally promises, that all faithful and pacific subjects shall continue to enjoy the protection of the laws, and shall not be molested in the exercise of their religious worship."

In conformity with the sentiments expressed in the above document in respect to the Greeks, the Grand Signior has addressed a manifesto to all persons in authority within his empire, in which he commences with displaying, in pompous terms, the blessings enjoyed by the Greeks under the Turkish Government-he deplores and condemns their rebellious corduct and states, that the government. in its treatment of them, has fully ac

quitted itself of all the duties of mercyand, on the other hand, that it has inquired into the conduct of those concerned in the revolt-and, after a previous conviction, has inflicted the necessary punishment. The manifesto concludes with prohibiting all further violence or vexation to the persons or property of the peaceable and innocent Greeks, and threatning the severest vengeance in case these commands should be disobeyed.

Another Turkish document has been published dated the 18th of July. It is addressed by the Grand Visier to Count Nesselrode, the Russian minister of foreign affairs, in consequence of the refusal of Baron Strogonoff to receive the answer of the Porte to the Russian ultimatum. The Grand Visier's language to Count Nesselrode is highly complimentary to his justice, moderation, and pacific, sentiments; whilst the ambassador is charged, with more candour than courtesy, with falsifying the facts which he was in the habit of communicating to his court. The Porte evidently regarded Strogonoff as an inveterate enemy, all whose efforts were directed to light up a war between the two powers, which will account for the harsh truths which have been addressed to him. Count Nesselrode is said to be opposed to hostilities, and to be upheld in his opposition by the Emperor.

The insurgent Greeks in the Morea continue the contest against the Turks in the meantime; and an article in the German papers dated from Semlin, of the 3d ult. asserts, that about the middle of August, the Turkish army, commanded by the Pacha of Salonichi, was completely defeated in the district of Cassandra, by a force of 20,000 Greeks, under the command of Alexander Stagirita. Among the numerous prisoners are said to be 400 Jews, who, from hatred to the Greeks, had formed themselves into a volunteer corps in Salonichi. It is added, that though the Greeks treated their Turkish prisoners with moderation, they mutilated the Jews in the cruelest manner, by cutting off their hands and noses.

The Grand Visier has addressed a letter to the Governor General of the Morea, and the commander of the Turkish army before Athens, directing them to take measures to protect and preserve the monuments of antiquity in that city and its environs, as a mark of esteem to the king of England, at the instance of whose ambassador the injunction from the Grand Visier has been transmittcd.

ASIA.

CEYLON. By accounts from Ceylon of the 9th of April last, it appears that the most undisturbed tranquillity reigned throughout that island. Improvements on a large scale have lately been going on, under the superintendance of Licutenant-Colonel Wright, of the Royal engi neers. An extensive inland navigation has just been completed and opened, to facilitate the communication between Colombo and the north end of the island, during the south-west monsoon; and several hundred miles of new road have been laid out, and nearly finished, throughout the interior of the island.

AMERICA.

UNITED STATES.-The transfer of the Floridas to the United States is now completed, as appears by the following letter from Philadelphia, dated August 10th." At length I am happy to inform you, that the fleet with the Spanish troops sailed from Augustine for the Havannah, on the 17th July; it consisted of ten sail of vessels; the number of troops on board was nearly 500, and the number of civil officers and persons attached to government, including their families, was 200."

By accounts received from Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia, and New York, of the date of 3d September, we are sorry to learn that a fever of a malignant nature prevails in various parts of the Union.

The accounts from Long Island, Baltimore, Amelia Island, and Norfolk, are very calamitous.-The whole of Amelia Island is retained as a perfect hospital, not one family being well, and in many instances not one to assist another. So dreadful, indeed, is the disease, that there is not one sentinel to do duty. A New York paper, of the 30th August, says"We are sorry to perceive, from the Franklin Gazette, that the malignant fever continues to make serious ravages among our fellow-citizens at Baltimore. Four fell victims to it in the twenty-four hours ending on Sunday morning, and six more during the twenty-four hours ending Monday morning.”

MEXICO. At the above date accounts had reached the United States from Texas, which give a lamentable description of that province; bands of patriots (as they call themselves,) plunder and destroy the country, and there is no force to oppose them. The most formidable of these consists of Indians. In one night, 200 fires were seen along the coast; and the writer of the account, landing at several

places, found a great number of arms and legs sad proofs of the victims of these cannibals. It appears to be a mere rendezvous for pirates and outlaws.

SOUTH AMERICA. By accounts from Buenos Ayres of the 19th July, it appears that a decisive engagement had taken place between the forces in that city and those under General Ramirez, in which the latter was killed, and his head sent to General Rodriguez, the present Supreme Director at Buenos Ayres. It was expected that this event would tend to restore tranquillity in the province, and be the means of opening a regular communication with the interior.

Caraccas.-A decisive victory has been gained by the republicans in this quarter, which is described by General Boliver in the following letter to the president of the republic of Columbia, published in the Correo Extraordinario del Orinoco of the 25th July, at Angostura:

"Most Excellent Sir,-Yesterday the political birth of the republic of Columbia was confirmed by a splendid victory. The divisions of the liberating army having joined in the plains of Tinaquillo on the 23d, we marched yesterday morning on the head-quarters of the enemy in Calabozo.

"The first division, composed of the brave British battalion, the brave of the Apure, and 1500 cavalry, under the or ders of General Paez. The second composed of the second brigade of the Guards, the battalion of Tiralleurs, Boyaca, and Vargas; and the sacred squadron commanded by the undaunted Colonel Aramendi, under the orders of General Sedeno. The third composed of the first brigade of Guards, the battalions of rifles, grenadiers, vanquisher of Boyaca, Anzoategui, and the intrepid Colonel Rondon's regiment of cavalry, under the orders of Colonel Plaza.

"Our march across the mountains and through the defiles, which separated us from the enemy's camp, was rapid and orderly. At eleven in the morning we defiled by our left in front of the enemy, and under his fire; we crossed a rivulet where only one man could pass at once, in presence of an army on an inaccessible level height, commanding us in every

direction.

"The gallant General Paez, at the head of the two battalions of his division, and the brave Colonel Munoz's regiment of cavalry, attacked the enemy's right with such fury, that in half an hour he was thrown into confusion and completely routed. It is impossible to do suffi

cient honour to the valour of our troops. The British battalion, commanded by the meritorious Colonel Farriar, distinguished itself amongst so many other brave men, and suffered a heavy loss of officers. The conduct of General Paez in this last and most glorious victory of Columbia renders him deserving of the highest military rank; and I therefore, in the name of the Congress, offered on the field of battle to appoint him general in chief of the army.

"None of the second division partook in the action, except a part of the Tiralleurs of the Guard, commanded by the worthy commandant, Heras. But its general, enraged that all his division could not, from the obstacles of the ground, join in the battle, charged singly a mass of infantry, and fell in the centre in the heroic manner that ought to close the glorious career of the bravest of Columbia's brave. In General Sedeno the Republic has lost a staunch supporter, both in peace and war; none more valiant than he, none more obedient to this government. I recommend the ashes of the gallant hero to the Sovereign Congress, that the honours of a solemn triumph may be paid to his memory.

"Like grief does the Republic suffer in the fall of the dauntless Colonel Plaza, who, filled with an unparalleled enthu siasm, threw himself on a battalion of the enemy, desiring it to surrender. Colonel Plaza is deserving of Columbia's tears, and that Congress confer on him the honours due to such distinguished he

roism.

"The enemy being dispersed, the ardour of our chiefs and officers was so great in the pursuit, that we sustained considerable loss in that high class of the army. The bulletin will communicate their names. The Spanish army exceeded 6000 men, composed of all the best of the pacificatory expeditions. That army has ceased to exist: only 400 men will have this day taken refuge in Puerto Ca bello. The liberating army had an equal force to that of the enemy, but not more than a fifth part of it decided the fate of the day. Our loss is not great-hardly 200 in killed and wounded. Colonel Ran

gell, who did, as he always does, prodigies, marched this day to take up a line against Puerto Cabello.

"May it please the Sovereign Congress to accept, in the name of the heroes whom I have the honour to command, the homage of a conquered army, the most numerous and the finest that ever in Columbia carried arms in a field of battle.

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"Valencia, June 25, 1821."

The Jamaica papers of the 11th ult., contain copious details of the recent mi, litary operations in the Caraccas, and of the battle of Calabozo, which seems to have been most decisive. As might be expected, it has been followed by other successes in different quarters. The whole province of Caraccas is represented as entirely free. Colonel Pereira, with his little army, composed of only 800 men, attempted to oppose the advance of Bolivar; but though his troops fought bravely, they were overpowered by numbers, and forced to capitulate. Pereira, by virtue of his capitulation, was allowed to embark on board a French vessel in La Guayra, with such of his troops as chose to accompany him; but a few only, it is added, accepted this offer. Many of them returned to their homes, and others joined the insurgents.

The following proclamation was issued by General Bolivar, on his taking possession of Caraccas:

"Caraquenians! A decisive victory has closed the war in Venezuela; but one fortified place now remains to be subdued. But peace, far more glorious still

than victory, is going to place us in possession of all the places and of the hearts of our enemies. To obtain liberty, honour, and repose, we have done every thing; hence every thing will be ours in the course of the year.

66 Caraquenians! The General Congress, with its wisdom, has given you laws calculated to ensure your happiness. The Liberating Army, with its military virtue, has restored you to your homes: hence, you are already free.

"Caraquenians! The union of Venezuela, Cundimarca, and Quito, have enhanced the splendour of your political existence, and laid for ever the foundation of its stability. Caraccas is not to be the capital of a republic, but the capital of a vast department, governed in a manner most worthy of its importance. The Vice-President of Venezuela enjoys the attributes due to a great magistrate, and in the centre of the republic you will ever find a source of justice, pouring forth its blessings through all the channels of the country.

"Caraquenians! Bestow your grati tude on the ministers of the law, who, from the sanctuary of justice, have transmitted to you a code of equality and jus

tice.

"Caraquenians: Lavish your admiration on the heroes who have given birth to Columbia. "BOLIVAR. "Liberating head-quarters, Caraccas. "June 30, 1821-11th.”

JULY.

BRITISH CHRONICLE.

19.-Royal Clemency. Yesterday the Lord Advocate received a warrant from his Majesty, declaring his Royal pleasure to extend his grace and mercy to fifty-one persons against whom true bills for high treason were found, before the courts of Oyer and Terminer, held in Scotland last year, but who were not brought to trial, owing to their having absconded. Immediate orders were, in consequence, given, that such of these persons as have been taken into custody, should be liberated in the course of this day, being that fixed for his Majesty's coronation, and all proceedings against the others have been ordered to be discharged.

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found, by the London Grand Jury, against Sir John Sewell, Charles Murray, J. B. Sharpe, and Longueville Clarke, Members and Agents of the Constitutional Society, charging them with a conspiracy, in forming and belonging to an unlawful society, and with committing several alleged acts of oppression and extortion.

Extraordinary Steam-boat.-On the 14th inst., a steam-boat of the American twin species was launched, in beautiful style, from Mr Brown's shipbuilding yard, Perth, in presence of an immense crowd of spectators, attracted by so great a novelty. This singularly-constructed vessel is intended to ply at the ferry of Dundee, and has been most appropriately named the Union-not only from the circumstance of two boats being joined together,

but in reference to the fact, that, like a moveable bridge, it will unite the hitherto disjoined counties of Fife and Forfar. The length of the deck is 93 feet, the breadth 34, the depth 84; the length of keel 78, and the distance between the boats 11. This vessel is to be propelled by two steam engines of 15 horses power each, and the paddle-wheel is to revolve in the centre between the boats. There are two iron helms, one at each extremity; and the stupendous machine is to fly like a shuttle, without requiring to be turned round. It is, we believe, the only vessel in Britain built on this principle, except the one which lately plied on the Mersey at Liverpool, and which, from some great defect in the construction, has been laid aside. The Union, however, is built from the model of one of the twin-boats which have succeeded so well in America; and Mr Brown (whose fame, as the builder of the Tourist, stood already high,) has done ample justice in materials and workmanship.

30.-Singular Accident.-On Friday the 27th, the Junior Pennecuik Whipman Society held their anniversary. Among the other amusements were several races, in one of which, run by two members of the Society for a riding saddle, a remarkable accident took place. The riders, when at full speed, were each endeavouring to take the narrow part of the course at a turn, when they run their horses' heads violently against each other, and both animals dropt down dead; one of their skulls being actually beat in by the shock. The riders were thrown with violence to some distance; but, though severely, were fortunately not dangerously hurt.

AUGUST.

This

Loss of the Earl Moira Packet. vessel left the pier-head at Liverpool soon after six o'clock on the evening of Wednesday the 8th instant. The last survivors conceive that the number on board, including about six of a crew, was 100 to 110 persons. When off the Magazines, they set all sail, wind blowing fresh from WNW. After passing the Gut Buoy, No. 1, in attempting to tack, the vessel missed stays, and struck on Burbo Bank. The passengers, alarmed, flocked up from below in multitudes; and some remonstrated with the captain, who was observed to be intoxicated, bewildered, and undetermined. After considerable toil, the vessel was again got into deep water, and bore away for the Cheshire shore. A great number of the passengers requested the captain to bear away for Liverpool, as the weather looked very black and threatening a-head. He refused, and about ten

o'clock the vessel missed stays a second time, and grounded on the Wharf Bank, off Mock-beggar. It was impossible to get her off, and orders were given to strike the topmast, and make every thing snug. The captain and crew assured the passengers that the vessel was not in a dangerous situation. They therefore determined to remain contented until the return of the tide, some on deck, others in their hammocks. When the flood set in, the vessel was occasionally lifted, and struck the bank. At half past two the vessel filled with water fore and aft; the pump having been plied with no effect. Two fine horses in the hold were hoisted up: the groom wished to ride one of them on shore, but was persuaded to desist. The horses were washed or thrown overboard. The passengers wished a signal to be made, to which the captain would not agree, declaring there was no danger; but a flag was carried aloft by a passenger (a printer who wore a blue jacket) and made fast. Between four and five o'clock, the water forced away the cabin-deck windows, and the luggage, provisions, &c. were floated up, the sea breaking over them. The waves increasing with the rising tide, at last brought the vessel on her broadside. The boat and deck lumber were now washed overboard. All who were able got upon the shrouds; men, women, and children, clung by various means until exhausted, when they began to drop from their holds, and were overwhelmed. One tremendous wave carried off from ten to fifteen poor souls at once. Every succeeding wave appeared to mark its victims. The captain, still in a state of intoxication, was among the first who perished, exclaiming, "We shall all be lost." He was struck on the breast by a wave, and, falling backwards, sunk alongside. A female about thirty for a considerable time buffetted the waves with two infants

in her arms. A tremendous sea at length struck her: her exhausted children were buried for a minute, and the agonized mother found them both dead. She uttered a shriek, was overwhelmed by another wave, and perished with her babes locked in her arms. The Hoylake life-boat arrived tween seven and eight, and about thirty passengers soon dropped into her. The commander, whose exertions cannot be too highly praised, was obliged to put off, to prevent the boat being swamped. They were all much exhausted, and many in a dying state. Another boat, the first from Liverpool, belonging to Matthew Naill, arrived about eight o'clock, and brought eight persons on shore. Before the third boat arrived the deck was torn

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