Manor houses, in the fourteenth

century, 147
Manors, Anglo-Saxon, 43; in
Anglo-Norman times, 59-60
Mansfield expedition, the, 299
Manufactures, measures to pro-
tect, 190-191; regulations of,
by James I and Charles I,
401; development of, in Eng-
land before the great inven-
tions, 548-549; status in
1832 of, 633
Maoris, the, 771

Map, Walter, 82, 84

Mar, Earl of, see Erskine, John
Marathas, 571, 785
Marchand, Major, 784 note
Marcher lords, the, 102, 103, 112
Marconi, 740 note
Marengo, Austria defeated at,
598

Margaret of Anjou, Queen of

Henry VI, 170, 172-177
Margaret of Burgundy, 176, 185
Margaret, Queen of James IV of
Scotland, 186

Marian Exile, significance of,

240-241

Marian martyrs, the, 239-240
Maritz, Colonel, 895

Markets, 86, 87

Markiewicz, Countess, 887
Marlborough, Duchess of,
Jennings, Sarah
Marlborough, Duke of, sce
Churchill, John

sovereign with William, 398-| Mercians, the, 21

399; influence of, in purifying Merciless Parliament, the, 156
the drama, 420; her death, Meredith, George, 736

432, 433

Mary (of Modena), Queen of

James II, 374-375, 394, 397
Mary, Queen of Scots, birth of,

Merlin, 61
Messines salient, 848
Mesopotamian campaign, 898-

900

218; crowned Queen, ib.; Methodism, rise of, 557-558
taken to France, 352; mar- Metternich, Prince, 612, 626-627
ried to the Dauphin (later Mexico, 628, 692, 768

Francis II of France), 233; Middlesex election, the, 522
returns to Scotland, 246; Milan decree, 603
marries Darnley, 247; mur- Mile End, 155
der of Darnley, ib.; her mar-
riage to Bothwell, defeat, and
flight to England, 247-248; her
trial and captivity, 248; rising
of the Northern Earls to put
her on the throne of England,
ib.; aim of Philip II to make
her Queen, 250; Babington's
plot in behalf of, 251; her
execution, ib.
Masham, Mrs., 455
Mashonaland, 774 note

Militant suffragists, 746, 880
Military and Naval Officers' Oath
Bill, the, 623-624
Military Service Bill, 869, 883;
Canadian, 892

Military tenures, 58, 362
Mill, John Stuart, 737, 746
Millais (mil la'), John Everett,

743

Millenary Petition, the, 287
Millet, Constable's influence on,
641

Mason, James M., Confederate Milton, John, 418-419, 513
Commissioner to England, 691 | Minden, the battle of, 502
Massachusetts, in the American Mines and collieries, acts relat-
Revolution, 518, 528
ing to, 672; in 1872-1906, 746
Massacre, the "Peterloo," 618 and note
Matabeleland, 774 note
Mathew, Father, 745

see Matilda, daughter of Henry I,
64-65; her war for the throne,
67-69; mention of, 203
Matthew Paris, 107, 114
Maude, General, 899
Mauritius, secured to Great Brit-
ain by Congress of Vienna,
613

Marlowe, Christopher, 281-282
Marne, battle of the, 837; second
battle, 851

Marprelate libels, the, 256-257
Marriage, feudal incident of, 58;
sacrament of, 213, note
Marriage Act, Lord Hardwicke's,
491-492

Marryat, Captain, 735
Marshall, see William Marshall
Marshall, General, 898, 899
Marston Moor, battle of, 333-
334

Martin, Richard, "Humanity
Martin," 642

Maynooth College, 702 and note
McAdam, John, 634
McCarthy, Justin, 719
Medicine, in fourteenth century,
146; in the seventeenth cen-
tury, 416; in the eighteenth
century, 556; in the nine-
teenth century, 636, 739
Medway, the Dutch enter the,
368

Meerut, rising at, 788

Minimum Wage Bill, the, 757
Ministerial responsibility, 543-

545
Ministry of All the Talents, for
Ministries, creation of new, dur-
ing World War, 868
Minorca, captured by the British,
454; ceded to Great Britain,
459; captured by the French,
495; restored, 509; ceded to
Spain, 541

Miquelon, Island of, 541
Miracle plays, 148
Mistress of the Robes, the, 663-
664

Mobilization, Russian, 825
Mogul, the Great, 492-493, 788-
790
Mohammed Ali, 903
Molasses Acts, 515, 517
Moldavia, see Rumania

Melbourne (mel'bun), Lord, see Monarchy, rise and decline of

Lamb, William
Melrose Abbey, 67
Menshikov, Prince, 683
Mercantilism, 190, 415-416, 558,
559

Mary I, Princess and Queen of
England, 203, 204; accession,
character, and policy of, 236-
237; restores the ecclesiastical
system of Henry VIII, 237;
marries Philip of Spain, ib.;
suppresses Wyatt's rebellion, Merchant Adventurers, the, 273
ib.; secures reunion of Church
of England with Rome, 238;
the Marian persecutions, 238-
240; last years and death of,

240

Mary II, Princess, later Queen of
England, marries William of
Orange, 376-377; chosen joint

Merchant gilds, 86
Merchant Seamen's League, 881
Merchants, concessions to, in
Magna Carta, 95; foreign, in
England, 139; in the fifteenth
century, 190-191; under
Henry VIII, 224
Mercia, supremacy of, 27

Anglo-Saxon, 47-48; strength-
ened by Anglo-Normans, 171;
strength of, under the Tudors,
183, 264; at the accession of
James I, 285; declining respect
for, under the first two
Georges, 473
Monasteries, hospitality of, 66,
145; dissolution of the, 210-
212, 214-216; as centers of
poor relief, 225; of education,
227; see Monks
Monastic revival in twelfth cen-
tury, 66-67; decline of, under

Henry II, 82; see Monks,
Monasteries, and Cluniac re-
form

March, heir presumptive of
Richard II, 159 note, 162, 165
Mortimer, Roger, 123, 125

Monck, George, later Duke of Mortmain, Statute of, 119

Albemarle, 356, 357, 367
Money bills, the Lords yield right
to amend, 370; to veto, 756
Money lending, see Interest and
Usury

Monks, work and influence of,
25; the, as landlords, 188, 224;
proceedings against, under
Henry VIII, 210-212, 214-216;
see Monasteries and Monastic
revival

Monmouth, Duke of, see Scott,
James

"Morton's Fork," 185
Moscow, 607
Mummings, 148, 280
Municipal corporations, attacks
on, by Charles II, and James
II, 383, 393; forfeited charters
restored, 396

Municipal Reform Act, the, 659
Munitions, production of, in
World War, 833-834, 839-840,
867 note, 869-872 and notes;
War Act, 871, 876
Municipal Reform Act, the, 659
Münster, the Bishop of, 367–368
Murray, Lord George, 485-487;
General, 898

Monopolies, attitude of Eliza-
beth on, 262-263; under the
Tudors and Stuarts, 267;
attack on, 295-296 and note;
grants of, by Charles I, 309;
justification for, 401
Monroe Doctrine, the, 628 and Mysore, 597
note, 723, 1028

Mons, 837

Montagu (mon'ta-gu), Charles,
later Earl of Halifax, 436,
440 and note

Music, 420-421, 565, 744
Mutiny Act, the, 424, 573
"My son's Ministry," 570

N

"Nabobs" in Parliament, 619
Namur, 431, 610-611, 836-837

Montagu, Edward, Earl of Nana Sahib, 787, 789-790

Manchester, 321, 334

Montagu, Mrs., 567-568

Montagu-Chelmsford

903-905

Report,

Nankin, treaty of, 674
Nantes, the Edict of, 262; re-
voked, 388
Napier, John, 416

Montcalm, Marquis of, 500-501 Napoleon, see Bonaparte

Nationalist party, split in the
ranks of, 719; reunion of, 721;
combination with Liberals,
749; the agreement with,
in 1910, 755-756; collapse of,
882; during the World War,
882 ff.; see Home Rule, Parnell,
Redmond, and Sinn Fein
Nationalization of industry, 877-
879, 882

Nations, see League of
Navarino, 629
Navigation Acts, beginning of,
140, 190, 191; Elizabethan,
273-274; of 1660, 362, 363;
their effect on trade, 402;
scope of, and effect of, on the
American Revolution, 513-514,
516-517; repeal of, 621;
suspension of, 677
Navy, beginning of English,
139-140; under Henry VII
and Henry VIII, 226; under
Elizabeth, 257-261; under
the Commonwealth, 347; un-
der Charles II, 367; in Dutch
wars, 347-348, 367-368, 375;
in Seven Years' War, 495-502;
in American Revolution, 534-
536, 538; in the Napoleonic
wars, 587-588, 590-592, 597-
599, 601, 603; in the War of
1812, 608-610; under Victoria,
741 note; in the World War,
835, 839, 854-863
Near East, see Austria, Balkans,
Bulgaria, Germany, Great Brit-
ain, Greece, Russia, Serbia,
Turkey

599, бог

Napoleon, Louis, later Napoleon
III, Palmerston approves the
coup d'état of 1851 of, 681;
ambition of, a cause of Crimean
War, 682, 683; anxiety of, Neerwinden, battle of, 432
to end Crimean War, 686;| Nelson, Admiral, 590-591, 597,
Orsini's attempt to assassinate,
687-688; Orsini's plot stimu-
lates to intervention in Italy,
688-689; unfriendly attitude
of, to United States during
Civil War, 692; attitude and
policy of, in Schleswig-Holstein
question, 694; in the Franco-
Prussian War, 709
Naseby, battle of, 335
Nash, Richard (Beau Nash), 412
Nash, Thomas, 279-280

Morea, the, Ibrahim Pasha in, Natal, 772, 777-779 and note

Nation, the Irish, 677
National Debt, beginning of the,
436; at end of Napoleonic
wars, 616; at end of the World
War, 832 note, 875; see South
Sea Company
National Guilds, 877

Neolithic man, in Britain, 9
Netherlands, commercial treaty
with (the Great Intercourse),
191; revolt of, against Philip
II, 250-251, 253-254; Eliza-
beth's intervention in the, 257;
French aggressions in, 583-
585; the kingdom of, 630;
see also Flanders, Burgundy,
Dutch War of Spanish Suc-
cessions, Louis XIV, William
III, Holland, Belgium, and
Batavian Republic
Neutral goods in "Declaration
of Paris," 681
Neutrals, regulations regarding,

under Continental system,
602-603; in the World War,
833, 839, 855, 859-861

National Land League, the Irish, Neuve Chapelle, 843, 844

713

National Registration Bill, 869
National Society, the, 706

Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of National Volunteers, 886

Neville (něv'il), Richard, Earl of
Warwick, the kingmaker, 173-

177

Newberrie, John, 272

New Brunswick, Province of, Norman Conquest, results of, 57
Normandy, Duchy of, 30, 38, 69,

765
Newbury, first battle of, 332;
second battle of, 334
Newcastle, Dukes of, see Pelham-
Holles and Clinton
Newcastle, the Earl of, 330-331
Newfoundland, 273, 766 note,

fisheries of, 458, 509, 541, 767
New Learning, the, 199-202
Newman, John Henry, 728-729,
732

"New Model" army, the, 334-
335; breach with Parliament,
336-337; conflicts with Parlia-
ment, and rise of democratic
opinion in, 338-341, 356-357;
disbanded, 362

New Netherland, 366-368
New Orleans, battle of, 609
Newsletters, 412 and note
New South Wales, 769-770
Newspapers, 412, 437-438,
Press

90

"Chartist" agitation, 667;
death of, 677
O'Connor,

Feargus,

Chartist

North, Lord, enters the Grafton leader, 678
Ministry, 523; becomes Prime O'Donnell, Frank Hugh, 718
Minister, 525; efforts at con- Offa, King of Mercia, 27, 50
ciliation with American Colo- Oglethorpe, James, 566
nies, 529, 533; resignation of, Old Age Pensions Act, 747
537; Irish reforms of, 538; Oldcastle, Sir John, 164 note
unites with Fox to attack Old Sarum, borough of, 648
Shelburne, 570; Regulating "Oliver the Spy," 617
Oliver Twist, 666
Omdurman, 784

Act of, 571

Ontario, Province of, 765

North, Thomas, 278
North America, voyage of Cabots
to, 191; the English Colonies Opium traffic, measures for the
in, see Colonies; struggle of suppression of, 795 note

the French and English in, Opium War, the, 673-674
493-494
Orange, see William

North Britain Review, No. 45, Orange Free State, 772, 777-779
Orange River Colony, 772, 779
Ordeals, 45, 55, 78

510-511

Northcliffe, Lord, 867

Northern earls, rising of the, 248
see Northern Rising, the, see Pil-
grimage of Grace

New Testament, 201, 216; see North Island, 771
Bible

Newton, Sir Isaac, 416, 434
Newton Butler, battle of, 427
New York, 375, 532, 856, 891
New Zealand, 771-772, 893-894
Ney, Marshal, 611

"Orders in Council," the, 603,
608, 609

Ordinances, the, of 1311, 121-
122; royal, 267

Oregon boundary question, the,
674-675

Northmen, 30; first invasion of
England and Ireland, ib.;
their kingdoms and the West Orford, Earl of, see Walpole,
Saxon reconquest, 33-36; sec- Robert and Horace
ond coming of, 36-37; estab-Orléans, siege of, 168–169

lish a dynasty under Cnut, 37 Ormonde, Duke of, see Butler,

Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia, 683, Northumberland, Duke of, sec
686

Nicoll, Colonel Richard, 366
Niger Company, 774
Nightingale, Florence, 685
Nile, battle of the, 597
Nineteen Propositions, the, 326
Nixon, General Sir John, 898
Nobility, weakness of, under the
Tudors, 183; condition of, in
the fifteenth century, 189;
in the seventeenth century,
406

Nominalists, the, 106-107

Dudley, John

Northumbrians, 21, 23-25, 27
Norton, Thomas, 281

James

Ormonde, Marquis of, see Butler,
James

Orsini, conspirator, 687, 688

Nottingham, Earl of, see Howard, Osborne, Sir Thomas, successively

Charles

Nova Scotia, 458 and note
Novel, the, rise of, 561-563;|
development of, in the late
eighteenth and early nine-
teenth centuries, 639; in the
Victorian period, 734-737
Noy, William, suggests ship
money to Charles I, 312

Nominated Parliament, the, 349 Nun of Kent, the, 209
Nomination boroughs, 648

Nonconformists, their rise, 255;
effect of the Act of Uniformity
upon, 364-365; in the Revo-

Nymwegen, the peace of, 377

Earl of Danby, Marquis of
Carmarthen, and Duke of
Leeds, becomes Lord Treas-
urer, 375; his use of bribery,
376; his religious policy, ib.;
fall of, 380-381; his dismissal,
544

Osborne Judgment, the, 749
O'Shea, Captain, 719
Ostend, 838, 862-863

Oswald, Northumbrian King, 25
Oswy, Northumbrian King, 25
Ottoman Empire, see Turkey
Oudenarde, battle of, 454

lution of 1688, 424; decline of, Oates, Titus, 337-339, 382 note, Oudh, 571-572 and notes, 579,

in eighteenth century, 556;
see Dissenters and Education
Bills

Oath helpers, 44-45; see Com-"Outdoor Relief," 657
purgators

Non-intercourse Act, the Ameri- Oaths, see Supremacy and Alle-
can, 608

giance

Pelham-Holles, Thomas, Duke!
of Newcastle, character of,
476; makes his brother Prime
Minister, 483; becomes Prime
Minister, 492; his quandary,
494-495; makes Byng a
scapegoat, 495; resigns, 496;
forms his second Ministry with
Pitt in control of foreign
affairs, 498, 500; end of his
Ministry, 509

sends the Armada against
England, 259-261; final strug-
gle with Elizabeth and death,
261-262

Phillip. Captain, 769
Philosophy, in the seventeenth
century, 414-415; in the eigh-
teenth century, 557; in the
late eighteenth and early nine-
teenth centuries, 636; in the
Victorian Age, 737
Phoenix Clubs, 702
Phoenix Park murders, the, 713-

Penal laws, under Elizabeth, 245,
255; under James I, 288-289,
295, 297; under Charles I, 714
302, 305: operation of, sus-Photography, 739
pended for Protestant Dis- Picts, the, 11 and note
senters, 425; done away with, Piers the Plowman, 149–150
534. 623; see Declaration of Pigott forgeries, the, 718
Indulgence, 682
Pilgrimage of Grace, 213-214
Pilgrims and pilgrimages, 145, 213
Pilgrim's Progress, see Bunyan
Pillory, the, 567, 643
Pinkie, battle of, 233

Penal servitude, 682

Penda, King of Mercia, 24, 25
Peninsular War, the, 605-606
Penn, William, 392 note

Pennine Mountains, the im- Piracy, in eighteenth century, Plunkett, Sir Horace, 721, 888

Penny postage, 412, 665-666, 796 Pitt, Fort (Pittsburgh), 499
Penry, John, 257

Pensions, 663 note; see Old Age
Pensions

Pensionary Parliament, the, sce

Cavalier Parliament
Pepys (peeps), Samuel, 365, 367
Perceval, Spencer, 605
Percival, Dr., 656

Percy, Henry, Earl of Northum-

berland, 162, 163

Percy, Sir Henry (Hotspur), 162
Percy, Thomas, Bishop of Dro-
more, 564

Periodical literature, 640
Perrers, Alice, 134-136
Perry, Commodore, 609
Persia, 786-787, 792-793, 808,

890 note, 899, 900 and note
Peter of Amiens, 63
Peter of Wakefield, 91-92
Peterborough, Earl of, see Mor-

daunt, Charles
Peter's Pence, 27, 208
Petition of Right, the, 306
Petitioners, the, 381

Petitions and the origin of legis-
lation, 137, 138

Petrarch, 149

Petre (pe'ter), Father, 389
Petty, Sir William, 415
Petty, William, Earl of Shel-

bourne and Marquis of Lans-
downe, 537, 539-540, 570
Pevensey, 40
Philip II, King of Spain, 237-
240, 245, 250-251; Catholic
leader, 257-259; recalls Alva,
245; plans expedition against
England, 259; claim to the
English throne, 259 and note;

Plural voting, 699 and note, 757,
881

Poet laureate, 732

Pole, Reginald, later Archbishop
of Canterbury, 212, 238-240
Pole, Michael de la, created Earl
of Suffolk, 156

Pope, William de la, Duke of
Suffolk, 170-171
Political Register, Cobbett's, 618
and note

Pitt, William (later Earl of Pluralities, 287, 660, 728
Chatham), the beginning of Pocket boroughs, 648
the political career of, 490;
opposition of, to Newcastle, Poetry, Anglo-Saxon, 48; Anglo-
495; made Secretary of State, Norman, 60-61; in the Mid-
496; estimate of, 496-497; dle Ages, 107, 149-150, 192,
his "system," 497-498; his Henrician, 228; Elizabethan,
dismissal and recall as Secrc- 278-280; in the seventeenth
tary in the second Newcastle
century, 417-419; in the eigh-
Ministry, 498; his conduct of teenth century, 563-564; Ro-
the campaigns of 1757-1760, mantic, Victorian, 636-638
498-504; anti-party attitude Poison gas, see Gas
of, and effect of victories, 506; Poitiers, 132
his resignation, 508; distinc- Poitou, 90, 92, 93
tion of, between taxation and
regulation of trade, 515; his
opposition to the Stamp Act,
519-520; forms the Grafton-
Pitt Ministry, 520; becomes
Earl of Chatham, ib.; his
illness and retirement, 521;
attacks the Grafton Ministry,
523; opposes British Colonial Poll taxes, 153
policy and proposes concilia- Polo, Marco, 768
tion, 529; views of, regarding Pondicherry, 493, 503
American Colonies in 1778,
533; death of, 534; advocates
parliamentary reform, 646
Pitt, William, the Younger, strug-
gle of, with the Coalition,
573-574; sketch of career of,
574-575; India Bill of, 575;
his financial reforms, 576-577;
his political strength and
achievements, 577-578; atti-
tude of, in Hastings's impeach-
ment, 578-579; thwarts Fox
on Regency question, 579-
580; attitude towards French
Revolution, 581; foreign pol-i

Pontiac, the conspiracy of, 515
Poonah, the Peshwa of, 581, 787
Poor Laws, the, of Henry VIII,

225-226; of Elizabeth, 275;
the New (1834), 657-658,
666, 741

Poor preachers, Wiclif's, 151
Pope, Alexander, 563-564, 636
Popish Plot, the, 368-369, 377-

380
Population, of England, in the
Anglo-Norman period, 60; in
the fifteenth century, 189; in-
crease of, under Henry VII
and Henry VIII, 224 and note;