Mr Combe returned his best thanks for the casts, which are very valuable, and we hope that the example of Mr Johnston will not be lost on other medical officers who may have it in their power to promote the interests of science.

Cerebral Development of John Jenkins.

This head is remarkably small, the great preponderance of the brain being in the posterior region.

This statement indicates the relative proportions of the organs, but does not convey a complete idea of the peculiar character of the development. The head altogether is on a small scale, yet many of the organs are remarkably prominent. The chief characteristics are-an enormous Combativeness, SelfEsteem, and Hope, which, combined with a very deficient Cautiousness, would lead to an utter egotism and recklessness of disposition. There is so much intellect, Benevolence, Veneration, and Hope, that the individual could not have been destitute of some of the higher qualities of human nature; and we regret that so little is known of his history and character. The head is remarkably high for its size. The two hemispheres are unequally developed. Altogether the head, from its diminutive size, striking protuberance of particular organs, and singular combination, is remarkable. Small size in the brain is indicative of mental feebleness; yet this being, from his enormous Self-Esteem, would conceive himself a man of gigantic power, both physical and mental; and, from the great size of this organ, combined with his large Combativeness, very deficient Cautiousness, and large Hope, would dare every thing in the complete confidence of success, however much the enterprize might exceed his physical or mental capacity.

We abstain from making any remarks on the head of Dr

Wardell, as he may have relatives to whose feelings our observations might prove disagreeable.

The following account is extracted from a Sydney newspaper sent to us by Mr Johnston.

Murder of Dr Wardell at Sydney, and Execution of his Murderers.

The first direct accounts of the murder of Dr Wardell, the barrister, at Sydney, New South Wales, to which we alluded some time back, on the authority of Van Diemen's Land papers, were received in town yesterday; the Harmony, by which former accounts were sent, and which sailed on the 30th of September, not having yet arrived, fears of her safety are entertained. By the Sydney Gazette of November 10. we see that the murderers, John Jenkins and Thomas Tattersdale, were tried on the Friday preceding, and found guilty on clear and unquestionable testimony, given by an accomplice named Emanuel Brace, a lad only eighteen years of age. They were all prisoners of the Crown. Brace, having fled from his master to the bush, met with Jenkins, who had escaped from an iron-gang to which he was condemned for previous outrages: he was armed with a musket and cutlass; they agreed to act together, and committed several robberies for food and clothing. They afterwards fell in with Tattersdale, who had been a former shipmate of Jenkins, and whom they persuaded to join them, which he did, after robbing his master, to whom he was assigned. They then in concert committed several more robberies, living in bark-huts, which they erected, and feeding on their spoil. On the morning of the murder they were in a hut, which they had erected in the woods on Dr Wardell's estate. Dr Wardell, in riding over his lands, came upon them, and, calling upon them to surrender, Jenkins seized upon a piece of rock and threatened him, directing Tattersdale at the same time to fetch the musket; this Tattersdale did, and Jenkins seizing it, went up to Dr Wardell, who exclaimed-" Oh, for God's sake don't do that!" To which Jenkins replied-" By Heaven I will,” and going close to him, fired the piece into his body. The horse immediately galloped off with his master on his back. It was supposed the unhappy gentleman afterwards fell from the horse, which went home to the paddock, and the next day his body was found close to an oak tree, to which he had crawled. The prisoners were subsequently apprehended, when Brace turned evidence for the Crown, and detailed all the facts of their association to the moment of the murder, in which he was fully confirmed by other witnesses. All the witnesses for the Crown having been examined, the prisoners were found guilty. On being called on to say what they had to offer why they

should not receive the judgment to die, Jenkins vociferated that he had a good deal to say on the subject; he considered that he had not had a fair trial; in the first place, that old woman (the barrister) had been shoved in upon them for the purpose of leading them to their destruction; he could have conducted his own case with a better chance of justice; and, to shew the manner in which the feeling was against him, the jury were not out a second when they brought him in guilty; but he did not care for either judge or jury, or the whole Court, whom he would shoot with the greatest pleasure if he had his gun there; he became very violent, and struck the dock with his hand, quite infuriated. The Chief Justice then proceeded to pass the sentence in the most imposing manner, but had scarcely finished the last sentence when the culprit Jenkins, with a ferocity unparalleled, rushed forward towards his unhappy companion, who stood at some distance from him in the dock, and struck him two violent blows, and in all probability would have added another victim to his murderous appetite, but for the police, who rushed into the dock, and with much difficulty secured him.

When Jenkins was led out for execution, he addressed the felons in the yard to the following effect:-" Well, good bye, my lads, I have not time to say much to you; I acknowledge I shot the Doctor, but it was not for gain, it was for the sake of my fellow prisoners, because he was a tyrant; and I have one thing to recommend to you as a friend; it is this, if any of you take the bush, shoot every tyrant you come across, and there are several now in the yard who ought to be served so. I have done several robberies, and for fear that any innocent man should suffer on my account, I have made a confession to the gaoler, and given such marks and tokens as will prove it was I that committed the acts. I robbed a man named Mills at Kissing Point, and also a man on the Liverpool road named Farrell, and a man at Liverpool, whom I stabbed; he may be since dead for aught I know; I have heard that he was missing since that time, and it is most probable he has been eaten by the native dogs; I have told where the property is, in order to shew that I have told the truth. I have not time to say any more, lads, but I hope you will all pray for me." This address being ended, the rope was secured round his neck, and the other culprits shook hands, but Jenkins turned away from Tattersdale with disdain, and said something like "let every villain shake hands with himself." At the solicitation of the Rev. Mr MacEncroe he consented to shake hands with him, and as he approached his unhappy companion in crime, who appeared to be absorbed in prayer, and making pious ejaculations, he said, Come, come, my lad, none of that crying, it's no use crying now; we'll be all right in ten minutes time;" he then gave him

a hearty shake of the hand, and took his stand. The clergyman having retired, and the arrangements being complete, the platform fell, and the world closed on one of the most ruthless assassins that ever infested the Colony.

ARTICLE XV.

TRAITÉ DE PHRÉNOLOGIE HUMAINE ET COMPARÉE; Accompagné d'un Magnifique Atlas in Folio de 120 Planches, contenant plus de 600 Sujets d'Anatomie Humaine et Comparée, d'un parfaite execution. Par J. VIMONT, M. D., &c. 2 tomes 4to. Paris and London; 1835.

THE title of this work, which we have copied at full length, contains a eulogium on the Atlas to which we fully subscribe. It is really "magnificent" and "perfect in execution." The arrangement of the objects might have been rendered more convenient by grouping together those that are related, or which serve to illustrate each other by contrast; the references might have been rendered more complete, and the descriptions more ample and explicit; but, in respect to correctness and beauty of drawing, the Atlas appears to us to be nearly unparalleled in anatomy and physiology.

The "Traité" itself, consists of two quarto volumes of letterpress, the first containing 431, and the second 654 pages. It would be vain to attempt writing a review of such a work that would at all convey an adequate idea of its merits and contents; we intend, therefore, to notice, in a succession of Numbers, those portions of it which are particularly new, and which will most interest the phrenologists of this country, reserving our commentary on the work itself till the close, when our readers will be able to judge of the justness of our remarks.

Dr Vimont adopts a classification of the organs entirely different from any previously used. We do not either admire the logical principles on which his arrangement is founded, or perceive the utility of it; nor do we anticipate that it will be generally adopted. At the same time, as we have repeatedly expressed our opinion that the period is not yet arrived for accomplishing a perfect classification, and that it is more advantageous, on the whole, for phrenologists in general to follow one order of arranging the faculties, although not perfect, than for every author and lecturer, in the present state of the science, to introduce one of his own, we forbear to discuss the particular merits or demerits of that which Dr Vimont has presented. We shall proceed at once to the new matter regarding the faculties and organs which he brings to light. The first of these is the

VOL X.-NO. LI.

I i

ORGAN OF SELF-PRESERVATION.

(Organe de la Conservation.)

On this subject, Dr Vimont's remarks are the following: Self-preservation is an innate sentiment which belongs to all animals. All the functions, in the sense in which the word is daily used, contribute, without doubt, to the preservation of the species; but the expression is here employed in a much more limited sense, namely, to designate a mode of acting of the cerebro-nervous system, having all the characteristics of a fundamental faculty. It consists in an impression purely instinctive, which prompts animals to fly or to keep themselves on their guard, when any external circumstances appear to threaten their existence. This faculty is one of those which manifest themselves at an early period in animals. Dr Vimont is disposed to believe, that to it must be ascribed the squalling of the infant when newly born, and the cries which young animals emit when some unexpected object alarms them. It was the sudden disappearance of certain species at the least noise, or at the aspect of an object which they saw for the first time, which led him to entertain the idea that their manner of acting in this case might depend on a fundamental faculty. He had seen foxes, rats, mice, cats, disappear with the rapidity of lightning, at the unexpected sight of a person, or on hearing an unwonted sound. Whence, said he, can such a mode of action arise? What can cause these animals to apprehend that their life is in danger, since many of them have never experienced any thing which can lead them to entertain any dread from these external occurrences? Nevertheless, their first action is to fly.

In the beginning of his inquiries, and for a considerable time, he entertained the opinion that the conduct of these animals might depend on a considerable development of Secretiveness or Cautiousness, but numerous observations destroyed this supposition. Experience demonstrated to him, that animals possessing little Secretiveness and little Cautiousness, allowed nobody to approach them without great difficulty, and had a singular tendency to fly or to preserve themselves. As observations made on individuals of the same species were best adapted for reaching the truth, he devoted himself to the study of the habits of several animals which he reared under his own eyes, and to keeping an exact account of their most remarkable faculties. From 1824 to 1825, he observed with care the conduct and actions of a dozen rabbits, the offspring of the same mother. He used to set them at liberty twice a-week in a garden, and to dedicate two hours to surveying them. One of them struck him more than all the others, by the habit which it had of flying with astonishing rapidity every time he approached it; it