Another misprint is apparent in the sentence, "From 1763, he had devoted himself to the Illinois missions;" the date should probably be 1743.

39 (p. 233).—Reference is made here probably to the establishment of the parish, and perhaps to the village organization, of Ste. Geneviève, in what is now the State of Missouri. The first settlers had gone there at an earlier date-most of them being miners, who followed up the explorations of Philippe François Renault. He came to Fort Chartres in 1720, with 200 miners and artisans, and 500 negro slaves. Thence he sent out prospecting parties, who opened the lead mines in the Ste. Geneviève district and elsewhere; the ore was smelted there, and conveyed by pack-horses to Fort Chartres, and thence down the Mississippi in boats. Renault pursued this industry until 1744; he then returned to France, selling his slaves to the colonists.

The general local tradition is that Ste. Geneviève was settled by the French as early as 1735. The village was built on the river bottom, three miles from its present site; but it was inundated in the great flood of 1785, and the people were driven for safety to the higher land, where they built the present town.-See Switzler's Hist. Missouri (St. Louis, 1879), PP. 142, 143; Dunn's Indiana, p. 258; Billon's St. Louis, pp. 225, 226.

40 (p. 235).—Various dates (from 1702 to 1735) have been assigned for the founding of Vincennes; but the most probable is that assumed by Dunn (Indiana, pp. 54–61), 1727. It received its name from its founder, François Margane (Morgan) de la Valtrie, sieur de Vincennes (a seigniory in the present Bellechasse county, Que., granted to the Bissot family in 1672); he succeeded to this title in 1719, at the death of his uncle, Jean Baptiste Bissot (born in 1668),—a French officer, who was prominent in Illinois and Detroit affairs and possessed great influence with the savages. François (born in 1672) was sent in 1720 to the Miami village of Kekionga (vol. lxix., note 47), where Bissot had died; and later (about 1727) was induced by Périer, governor of Louisiana, to establish a fort on the lower Wabash River, in order to counteract English influence with the savages, and to secure for the French the control of the fur trade. Accordingly, he established Poste Vincennes, or Poste du Ouabache, as it is variously designated. Some Canadian families settled there, a few years later, and thus began the town of Vincennes. François Margane remained in command of this post until 1736, when he joined the Louisiana troops in their campaign against the Chickasaws; being, with his leader D'Artaguiette, captured by those savages, he was burned at the stake (vol. lxviii., note 21).

He was succeeded in the command at Poste Vincennes by his lieu

tenant, Louis St. Ange de Bellerive—a position which the latter held until 1764. St. Ange then took command of Fort Chartres, which he delivered to the English on Oct. 10, 1765. He then proceeded to St. Louis (which had been founded in March, 1764, by Pierre Laclede), and was commandant there until 1770-in the Spanish service, after 1766. He died at St. Louis, Dec. 26, 1774. In 1721, he had escorted Charlevoix through the Western region.

41 (p. 245).—Reference is here made to Green Bay, in Wisconsin. In regard to Chardon and the Green Bay mission, see vol. lxvi., note 43.

42 (p. 247).—An allusion to the massacre, in 1282, of the French in Sicily by the natives of that country; so called because the signal for the uprising was given by the first stroke of the vesper bell on Easter day.

43 (p. 253).—An English garrison was placed in the fort at Michillimackinac (then located on the south shore of the strait) in the autumn of 1761. The Ojibwa Indians of the vicinity accepted Pontiac's proposals for a conspiracy against the English, and on June 4, 1763, treacherously seized the fort, and massacred most of the garrison. See Parkman's Consp. of Pontiac, vol. i., pp. 322-354; vol. ii., pp. 336, 337; also our vol. x., p. 328.

The phrase four years before, in 1732," (p. 251) is evidently a lapsus calami, for Aulneau was slain in 1736.

44 (p. 259).-This contract was evidently made with the Company of the Indies; but, when that association surrendered its charter (1731; vol. lxvii., note 37), its obligations were transferred to the French government.

45 (p. 261). This difficulty regarding the vicariate-general is narrated by Shea in his Church in Colon. Days, pp. 582, 583. Vitry died on April 5, probably in 1749, rather than 1750.

44

46 (p. 279).—Captain Philip Pittman says-in his Europ. Settlements on Mississippi (London, 1770), p. 43—of the Jesuits' estates at Kaskaskia: The jesuits plantation consisted of two hundred and forty arpens of cultivated land, a very good stock of cattle, and a brewery; which was sold by the French commandant, after the country was ceded to the English, for the crown, in consequence of the suppression of the order. Mons. Beauvais was the purchaser, who is the richest of the English subjects in this country; he keeps eighty slaves; he furnished eighty-six thousand weight of flour to the king's magazine, which was only a part of the harvest he reaped in one year."

Concerning this Beauvais, the following information is given by E. G. Mason, in his "Lists of Early Illinois Citizens," in Fergus

Dept. Generere was settled by 2Pac & Teage was to the river

have been assigned

or the manding of Tes but the most probable is that assumed

received its name from its

gar Karga de la Valtrie, sieur de Viathe present Bellechasse county, Que., granted be succeeded to this title in 1719, at

the destifts uncle Jet Bagoste Bissoc born in 1668),-a French officer way was pramentas and Detroit affairs and pos sessed great minence with the savages. François born in 1672) was set the Manage of Ketiga (vol xix, note 47), where Hssic had died and later about 17 was induced by Périer, governor of Lousama, to establish a fort on the lower Wabash River, aarder to counteract English infience with the savages, and to secure for the French the control of the fur trade. Accordingly, he established Poste Vincennes, or Poste du Ouabache, as it is variously designated Some Canadian families settled there, a few years later, and thus began the town of Vincennes François Margane remained in command of this post until 1756, when he joined the Louisiana troops in their campaign against the Chickasaws; being, with his leader D'Artaguiette, captured by those savages, he was burned at the stake (vol. lxviii., note 21).

He was succeeded in the command at Poste Vincennes by bi

enant, Louis St. Ange de Bellerive-a position which the latter held until 1764. St. Ange then took command of Fort Chartres, which he delivered to the English on Oct. 10, 1765. He then proceeded to St. Louis (which had been founded in March, 1764, by Pierre Laclede), and was commandant there until 1770-in the Spanish service, after 1766. He died at St. Louis, Dec. 26, 1774. In 1721, he had escorted Charlevoix through the Western region.

41 (p. 245).-Reference is here made to Green Bay, in Wisconsin. In regard to Chardon and the Green Bay mission, see vol. lxvi., note 43.

42 (p. 247). An allusion to the massacre, in 1282, of the French in Sicily by the natives of that country; so called because the signal for the uprising was given by the first stroke of the vesper bell on Easter day.

43 (p. 253). An English garrison was placed in the fort at Michillimackinac (then located on the south shore of the strait) in the autumn of 1761. The Ojibwa Indians of the vicinity accepted Pontiac's proposals for a conspiracy against the English, and on June 4, 1763, treacherously seized the fort, and massacred most of the garrison.-See Parkman's Consp. of Pontiac, vol. i., pp. 322-354; vol. ii., pp. 336, 337; also our vol. x., p. 328.

The phrase "four years before, in 1732," (p. 251) is evidently a lapsus calami, for Aulneau was slain in 1736.

44 (p. 259). This contract was evidently made with the Company of the Indies; but, when that association surrendered its charter (1731; vol. lxvii., note 37), its obligations were transferred to the French government.

45 (p. 261). This difficulty regarding the vicariate-general is narrated by Shea in his Church in Colon. Days, pp. 582, 583. Vitry died on April 5, probably in 1749, rather than 1750.

46 (p. 279). Captain Philip Pittman says-in his Europ. Settlements on Mississippi (London, 1770), p. 43-of the Jesuits' estates at Kaskaskia: "The jesuits plantation consisted of two hundred and forty arpens of cultivated land, a very good stock of cattle, and a brewery; which was sold by the French commandant, after the country was d to theish, for the crown, in consequence of the sup

Hist. Series, no. 31, p. 77, note: "Vitol Ste. Gême Beauvais. One of the six sons of Jean Baptiste Ste. Gême, called Beauvais, from his native place in France, who settled at Kaskaskia about 1750. He bought the property of the Jesuits there on its sale under the decree for the suppression of that order, and became the wealthiest citizen of his time in Kaskaskia. Vitol Ste. Gême Beauvais was one of the judges of the court of Kaskaskia, elected by the people, under the governorship of Col. John Todd, Jr., and afterward resided at Ste. Genevieve, Mo." The name of this family is now corrupted to St. Gem.

47 (p. 283).—Pierre François de Volsay (born about 1730, at Paris) was a captain in the French service. He was stationed at Fort Chartres, where in 1758 he married Elizabeth Coulon de Villiers, daughter of Neyon de Villiers, the last French governor of Illinois. Upon the cession of that fort to the English (note 40, ante), Volsay went to St. Louis, where he spent the remainder of his life, dying Sept. 28, 1795.

48 (p. 285).—Squine: a climbing plant, Smilax pseudo-China, with tuberous roots.