CI

For bibliographical particulars of the Journal des Jésuites, see Vol. XXVII.

A

In reprinting the Relation of 1659-60 (Paris, 1661), we follow a copy of the original Cramoisy edition in Lenox Library. No author's or editor's name is attached to this annual; it cannot, therefore, be said who was individually responsible for its issuance. letter from René Ménard is inserted on pp. 152-154, which bears the date" Des trois Riuieres ce 27. d'Aouft à 2. heures apres minuit. 1660." The "Priuilege" was "Donné à Paris le 15. Ianuier 1661;" and the "Permiffion" was given "A Paris, le 8. Ianuier, 1661." The volume forms no. 115 of Harrisse's Notes.

The

Collation: Four preliminary leaves, consisting of: blank, I leaf; title, with verso blank, I leaf; "Priuilege," with "Permiffion" on the verso, I leaf; 'Tables des Chapitres," pp. (2); the text covers pp. I-202. Signatures: Four preliminary leaves, without signature marks, A - M in eights, N in four. signature marks for Aiiij and Eiiij are by mistake printed Aiij and Eiij, respectively. The pagination is quite erratic. Pages 95 and 96 are in duplicate; 142 is mispaged as 141; and there are no pp. 143, 144, 177, and 178. If the paging were consecutive, there would be 200 pages of text.

Copies have been sold as follows: O'Callaghan (1882), no. 1239, sold for $45, and had cost him $38.75 in gold; Barlow (1890), no. 1309, sold for $70; and at the Lenox duplicate sale at the auction rooms of Bangs & Co., New York City, April 29, 1895, a copy

(item 177) was sold to Dodd, Mead & Co., for $52.50. Copies are possessed by the following libraries: Lenox, New York State Library, Harvard, Brown (private), Ayer (private), Laval University (Quebec), Library of Parliament (Ottawa), British Museum, and Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris).

NOTES TO VOL. XLV

(Figures in parentheses, following number of note, refer to pages of English text.)

I (p. 35).— François de Laval de Montmorency was born in the diocese of Chartres, April 30, 1622, of an old and noble French family. While still a child, he became a pupil at the Jesuit college of La Flèche; he was even then devoted to the religious life, for he received the tonsure before he was nine years old (according to Langevin), and, when but fifteen, was appointed to a canonical position in the cathedral at Evreux. Upon this occasion, he took the ecclesiastical appellation of Abbé de Montigny. His two elder brothers dying, François became heir of the titles and estates of his family; but he renounced all these (1646) in favor of a younger brother, that he might become a priest. He had begun his theological education at the age of nineteen, at the college of Clermont; he now continued his studies there, and was also a member of the Congregation of Externes connected with the college. In 1650, he be came one of a little society of five, who maintained a sort of monastic life in Paris, devoting themselves to philanthropic activities: from this, later, sprang the Société des Missions Étrangères. In 1657 arose the question of a bishop for New France; the contest lay between the Sulpitians and the archbishop of Rouen on one side, and the Jesuits and the court of France on the other. Laval, as the candidate of the latter party, gained the appointment (vol. xliii., note 9); and in June, 1659, he arrived in Canada as titular bishop of Petræa, and vicar apostolic of New France. Not until 1674 was the bishopric of Quebec erected, Laval's title being changed accordingly. It was he who founded (March, 1663) the Seminary of Quebec, for the training of the Canadian clergy; and in 1668, he established the Petit Séminaire. In 1665, he united the former institution with that of the Missions Étrangères, in Paris: and finally (1680) donated all his property as an endowment for the Seminary's support. Laval resigned his bishopric in 1685, and Jean de St. Vallier was appointed his successor, although the latter did not assume his new position until 1688. Laval also returned to Canada in that year; his public life was now finished, except that he several times aided in the administration of the bishopric, during the absence

of St. Vallier in Europe. The Seminary being destroyed by fire in 1705, Laval took refuge at the Jesuit residence in Quebec, where he remained until his death, May 6, 1708. Perhaps the most notable features of his administration were his efforts to check the liquor traffic, and his extension of missionary enterprises throughout New France, especially in the Mississippi valley. See Langevin's Notice Biographique of Laval (Montreal, 1874). Cf. Rochemonteix's Jésuites, t. ii., pp. 239-331. There are some discrepancies in their statements regarding Laval's earlier life; we follow Rochemonteix in these matters.

2 (p. 59).— Regarding the early Jesuit labors in Acadia, see vol. iv., note 46; the settlements made by Nicolas Denys, vol. ix., note 26. 3 (p. 69).— For citations concerning the Eskimos, see vol. xviii., note 13.

4 (p. 81).—“This phrase is in Father Chaumonot's writing." The following side-note, which mentions the deputies as Agnier, and is "like the next one, and most of the others-in a hand considerably more modern than Father de Quen's, is not consistent with the text; the ambassadors were Onneyouts" (Quebec ed. of Journal, p. 251, notes).

5 (p. 87).—“What follows, up to the month of May, is again in Father Chaumonot's writing" (Quebec ed. of Journal, p. 253, note). 6 (p. 95).— Claude l'Archévêque, a native of Caux, France, was married at Quebec, in 1645; he had eight children.

Jean de Noyon is mentioned in the Journal as departing for France in October, 1659. Tanguay does not speak of him; but Sulte (Canad.-Fran., t. iii., p. 151, note 3) says, “He married, and settled in the country."

7 (p. 105).—The Misisager (Missisakis, Mississaguas) were located on the north shore of Lake Huron, when the French first encountered them. Perrot says (Mémoire, Tailhan's ed., p. 85): “When all the Outaouas were scattered toward the lakes, the Saulteurs and the Missisakis fled to the north, and then tc Kionconan [Keweenaw], when game failed them." Later, they returned to their old territory, and after a time became allies of the Iroquois. Cf. vol. xviii. of this series, note 16; also N. Y. Colon. Docs., passim.

8 (p. 107).- Jean Baptiste Peuvret, sieur du Menu, born in 1632, married (1659) Marie, widow of Louis de Lauson, by whom he had five children. Peuvret had a fief on Orléans Island; he was also a member of the Supreme Council during many years, and, during most of that time, its recorder. He died in May, 1697.

9 (p. 111)." Here ends Father de Quen's handwriting; what

follows, as far as Aug. 3, 1665, inclusive, is from the hand of Father Jerome Lalemant" (Quebec ed. of Journal, p. 263, note).

--

10 (p. 113). In regard to the relations between Canada and Rouen, see vol. xvi., note 5; and vol. xxxviii., pp. 185-189. In Quebec ed. of Journal, Laverdière cites Faillon (Col. Fran., t. ii., p. 346) to show that the latter, in quoting this passage in the Journal, omitted the last words therein, pour le spirituel, thus giving a wrong impression of Laval's exercise of authority.

11 (p. 113).— Reference is here made to the death of Jean de Bernières-Louvigny (vol. xvi., note 6), which occurred May 17, 1659, his age being 57.

12 (p. 115). The decision in regard to Sillery reads thus, in English: "That residence must certainly be taken back from the Hurons,—that is, they shall form one establishment with us, having the same supervision; if those who dwell in the woods return thither, it shall be restored to their ownership."

13 (p. 119). This Joseph Dubuisson was probably Joseph (born in 1649), son of Jean Guyon du Buisson, and grandson of Jean Guyon (vol. xxvii., note 16). Joseph married (1674) Geneviève Cloutier, by whom he had ten children. The time of his death is not recorded, but must have been after 1695.

14 (p. 119).—It is difficult to identify all the Seminarists here mentioned. St. Martin may have been Antoine Adhémar (sieur de St. Martin, at Champlain, according to census of 1681), mentioned by Tanguay as a royal notary. The same authority states that one Amador, born in 1640, died at Quebec in 1690. Germain Morin became a priest (vol. xlii., note 36).

15 (p. 121).— Henri de Bernières, a nephew of Jean (note 11, ante), was born at Caen, about 1635. Educated at the Jesuit college there, he was appointed curé of St. Pierre, at Caen. He came with Laval to Canada (1659), keeping his intention to do so a secret from his mother and other relatives, except his uncle Jean. At Quebec, Henri completed his studies, and was ordained a priest. In 1660, he was appointed curé of Quebec, and at once undertook to procure the erection of a suitable clergy-house, which was finished in 1663. In the same year was founded the Seminary of Quebec, of which De Bernières was the first superior; he also made (1672) a liberal donation for its endowment. He was curé of the parish church at Quebec from October, 1660, to the spring of 1687; he also was grand vicar for Laval, during the absences of the latter acting in his place; and he remained superior of the Seminary until 1688, also occupying that position during the years 1693-97. He died Dec. 4, 1700.