Lectures. Water supply, sewerage and sewage utilization, Volumen68 |
Términos y frases comunes
ammonia amount of water aqueduct arches average carbonic acid carried carriers cement chalk charcoal cisterns clay Cloaca Maxima collected consider considerable Constant system constructed course cubic deodorised dissolved drainage drinking water effluent water embankment especially excretal fæces farm feet filter beds filtration foul gallons hard water Hawkesley impervious impure inches Institution of Civil Intermittent land lecture lime Liverpool London Lugudunum magnesia main sewers manure matters in solution means necessary nitrates organic matter outfall oxidation pass perfectly phosphate phosphoric acid Pollution Commissioners precipitate puddle pumped purified quantity rain rain-fall Rawlinson refuse matters require river river Taff Rivington Pike Roman salts sand sewage sewers soil pipe strata stream subsoil water substances sufficient surface suspended matters syphons tanks tell Thames tons town trap trough typhoid fever valley valve ventilating waste pipe water closet water containing water supply Yan Yean reservoir
Pasajes populares
Página 12 - Mixed with this, there is the water from kitchens, containing vegetable, animal, and other refuse, and that from wash-houses, containing soap and the animal matters from soiled linen. There is also the drainage from stables and cow-houses, and that from slaughter-houses, containing animal and vegetable offal.
Página 10 - ... organic matter was removed by the process of oxidation, the quantity left might be quite sufficient to be injurious to health. With regard to the oxidation, we know that to destroy organic' matter the most powerful oxidizing agents are required ; we must boil it with nitric acid and chloric acid and the most perfect chemical agents. To think to get rid of organic matter by exposure to the air for a short time is absurd...
Página 13 - These analytical numbers show a remarkable similarity of composition between the sewage of midden towns and that of water-closet towns. The proportion of putrescible organic matter in solution in the former is but slightly less than in the latter, whilst the organic matter in suspension is somewhat greater in midden than in water-closet sewage. For agricultural purposes, 10 tons of average water-closet sewage may, in round numbers, be taken to be equal to 12 tons of average privy sewage.
Página 10 - ... per cent, of sewage, we are led in each case to the inevitable conclusion, that the oxidation of the organic matter in sewage proceeds with extreme slowness, even when the sewage is mixed with » large volume of unpolluted water, and that it is impossible to say how far such water must flow before the sewage matter becomes thoroughly oxidized.
Página 12 - There is also the drainage from stables and cow-houses, and that from slaughter-houses, containing animal and vegetable offal. In cases where privies and cesspools are used instead of water-closets, or these are not connected with the sewers, there is still a large proportion of human refuse in the form of chamber slops and urine. In fact, sewage cannot be looked upon as composed solely of human excrement diluted with water, but as water polluted with a vast variety of matters, some held in suspension,...
Página 10 - ... mixed with fresh water and violently agitated in contact with air, or, finally, the rate at which dissolved oxygen disappears in water polluted with 5 per cent, of sewage, we are led in each case to the inevitable conclusion that the oxidation of the organic...
Página 4 - ... (that is a point I have referred to as one of considerable importance), "so that if a pipe became ruptured when in use the water would escape into the embankment, and if it found its way to the back of the puddle, the embankment would be torn down, and the whole of the water in the reservoir set free. It was not, therefore, desirable that large pipes should be laid under an embankment, where they would be subject to a considerable pressure of earth.
Página 9 - Committee 3 from open ditches into which effluent water was overflowing off saturated land, and from subsoil drains into which effluent water was intermittently percolating through several feet of soil, suggests grave doubts whether effluent water ought ever to be permitted to escape before it has percolated through the soil.
Página 9 - There is no process practicable on a large scale by which that noxious material (sewage matter) can be removed from water once so contaminated, and therefore I am of opinion that water which has been once contaminated by sewage or manure matter is henceforth unsuitable for domestic use.