Dutch descent, I ought ever to have before me the warning from the "mighty contests," in the parent country of my family, on the question whether the hook catches the fish, or the fish the hook? and the parties accordingly distinguished as the HOECKS, and the CABELJAUS, the Hook and the Cod.

The immediate neighbors to this tribe were the Shinnicocks, who, and also at an early period, presented a sachem elect to the Governor for his approbation; a solitary instance. At a treaty with the Oneidas, at Fort Schuyler, in 1788, they presented to the commissioners a lad, made a sachem the day before, and Skonondo, a respectable individual among them, as the guardian during his minority. The intent of the one ceremonial, the making a sachem, as furnishing an occasion for the other, the announcing it, being understood, the keg of rum, the expected compliment in return, was not withheld.

From the mere suggestion by the Montauck Indians of a claim, by conquest, to the whole of the territory between their home and Mattinicoek, we are led to suppose they were numerous and powerful, the natural consequence a pre-eminence, and thereby their name in time becoming the general or national name for the Indians throughout the whole island. It was usual with the Dutch to speak of the MAQUAAS, and the English afterward by the name, as pronounced by them, the Mohocks, intending at the same time the whole confederacy. Our historian expresses himself, in the text, "all the Indians on Long Island were in subjection to the Five Nations, and acknowledged it by the payment of an annual tribute," and concludes a note on the passage, that the tribute still continued to be paid to the Mohocks. Indeed it is well known, that Mohock was the standing bugbear with the matron-squaws on the island, to frighten their unquiet children, when losing their patience with them.

Nayack-The name of a place at the Narrows on the Long Island side: In the grant to Cortelyau, 1671, the land is described "as to begin at the point of Nayack, and to stretch along the bay," and hence Nicolls, who commanded the armament sent against the Dutch here, dates his summons of surrender to the town, "on board his Majesty's ship the Guyney, riding before Nayack." The lands, the western bank of the river for a few miles northward from the Tappan meadows, known by the same name, Nayack. The bay, between the GEELE, yellow, and the ROODE, red, Hook, still retains its Indian name, Gawanus.

INDIAN NAMES OF PLACES-INLAND.

Our island of Manhattan, or as pronounced by the Dutch, and spelt by the whites of New England, and both prefixing the article the, Manhadoes; and the like observed by Stuyvesant in his answer to the summons to surrender, "the Manhattans," and, in the articles of capitulation, signed at the governor's BOUWERIE, Farm, still in the family, the road or lane leading to it, known as the BOUWERIESCHE LAENING, corrupted to Bowery-Lane, now Bowery-Street, the town and the inhabitants are mentioned as the "town of Manhattans," ," "the town of the Manhattoes," "the townsmen of the Manhattans."

A marsh or swamp extended across the island, from between where Canal street terminates at the North river and the space of the shore of the East river, the portion of Cherry-street between James and Catharine-streets. Cherrystreet, so called from being laid through a public garden, with a bowling-green in it, called Cherry Garden, having a front on the East river of 384 feet, and extending in the rear to the meadow of Wolvert Webbers, the property of Richard Sacket, Malster; the western side of his malthouse the line of the eastern side of Roosevelt-street there. James-street, called after JACOBUS, James, Roosevelt, and Catharine-street, after Catharine, the wife of Hendrick Rutgers, proprietors, at the time, of the grounds, through which they were laid. There was a large pond or KOLCK in the marsh about midway between Broadway and Chatham-street, and a stream, or "rivulet," from it, running eastward, and crossing Chatham-street, between Pearl and Roosevelt-streets, and there a bridge over it. The English pronounced the word KoLCK, as if consisting of two syllables, KOL-LICK, and the waters from the adjacent high grounds collecting in it, an etymologist, not long since, chose to imagine the true original name to have been an English one, Collect; and, the pond having lately been filled up, thence the name of a street passing over the space it occupied, Collect-street. The pond, besides being referred to very generally as emphatically the KOLCK, was distinguished by the appellation of the VERSCHE WATER, Fresh Water, and which was also at times applied to the stream. A part of the description of a piece of land, in an ancient conveyance, is "being beyond the Fresh Water," and then farther denoted by its

* See Note IV.

Indian name, Warpoes. Also a piece of land on the north side of the island Manhattans, called by the Indians Muscoote. The Indian name for the grounds now known as Greenwich, the name given to the place by Captain, afterwards Sir Peter, Warren, when on the station here, and purchasing them, was Sapokanikan, and, in like manner, as Manhadoes, retained in use by the Dutch, and spoken of as a distinct place, so that the skippers when, in coming down the river, they had turned Sapokanikan Point, would express themselves, "they were in sight of Manhadoes." The Indian name for the extreme southern point of the island, to be considered as the point on the shore dividing between the waters of the two rivers, was Kap-se; and also in familiar use with the skippers when intending to mention, with some precision, the time at which they passed from the one river into the other. From those of the above circumstances having relation to Indian names, and perhaps the passage from De Laet, to be instantly cited, also considered, may not the conjecture be hazarded, that Manhattans, or Manhadoes, was the name of a tribe of Indians, and the peninsula, on the hither side of the Fresh Water, their exclusive or separate place of abode ?

OUR RIVER--"The great river of New Netherland," says De Laet, "is by some called Manhattes, after the nation of Indians who dwell near, or at, the beginning or mouth of it." This is no otherwise giving the name of the river, than by referring to the name of the tribe of Indians at its mouth.

The Sieur Des Monts led a colony from France, in 1604. He entered the Bay of Fundy, thence thereafter at times known as French Bay; visited a harbor which he called Port Royal, now Annapolis; and afterwards making the circuit of the bay, and returning along the western shore, came to a river the 24th June, and it being the festival of the Baptist, gave it the name of St. John. Sailing farther westward, he entered the bay of Passamaquoddy, and landed on an island, in a river emptying into the bay, to which he gave the name of St. Croix. There will be a reference in the sequel to the history of these colonists, as furnished by L'Escarbot, who was there two years thereafter; it will be here only further mentioned, that of the whole number, seventy-nine persons, thirty-five died during the winter, of the scurvy, spoken of as a disease not known before, and, as it would seem, attributed to the extreme coldness of the climate. "From April to the middle of De

cember," says Champlain, in De Laet, "the air of Canada is healthy, but January, February, and March, are unhealthy, and you are then severely afflicted with the scurvy." He came out with Des Monts as his geographer, and went af terwards to Canada, and probably the first who explored the lake still bearing his name. In the account of the voyage, as taken from his own publication of it, speaking of the river in the bay of Passamaquoddy, he calls it the river of the Etchemins; in like manner with De Laet, designating it by referring to the name of the tribe of Indians inhabiting its banks, it having, but of which he was not informed at the time, an Indian name, the Scudiac. The Indian name of our river is Sha-te-muc. Here, however, not having general tradition, or written document, to warrant me, it is proper I should state, and so submit, my authority.

In 1785, I met with a person of the name of Rouw; his parents were of the German families, who came over in 1710, under the protection and at the expense of Queen Anne, and settled on a tract of six thousand acres, within the limits of the Manor of Livingston, heretofore known as the German Camp, now German Town, purchased for them, it being intended they should raise hemp, and, the pine then abounding in the vicinity, make tar, for the use of the navy. In the conversation with him, he told me his father, at a very early day, parted with his farm in the camp, and took a lease for one, from the proprietor of the Manor, at a place called by the Indians Stissinck, about twelve miles from the river; that the family were, as it respected white neighbors, for a long time almost solitary; that their chief intercourse was with the Indians, who were still numerous there; that the Indian boys were his play-fellows, so that as he grew up, the Indian became as familiar to him as the German, the language of the family. Among other inquiries, I asked him if he knew the Indian name of the river? He replied he did, it was Sha-te-muc. With a view to ascertain whether he was not repeating only individual hearsay, I asked him how he came by the knowledge of the name? He replied, it was always called so by the Indians; that when going to, or coming from the river, they would say they were going to, or had come from, Sha-te-muc; in short, that he had come to the knowledge of the Indian name for it, in the same manner he had come to the knowledge of the name by which it was known by the whites, the North River. I then mentioned, that possibly it was the name for a portion of it, a reach in it there; he

replied, it was usual with him, when a young man, and the deer scarce in the Tackhanick mountains in the neighborhood, to go and hunt with the Wiccapee Indians in the Highlands, and the river was known to them by the same name. I was a stranger to him personally; but when I resided at Red-Hook, in Dutchess county, at a previous period, I knew several of the family, and they were respectable; his recollection and judgment were entire, his appearance decent, and his deportment proper. I might have saved myself the necessity of the surmise to him, that possibly it was only the name of a portion of the river, had it occurred to me, that the Indians, using the same language, have the same name for a river throughout its whole length. An Indian meeting a white man on the confines of Canada, asked him where he came from? He told him from Connecticut river; the Indian instantly extending his arms laterally from him to the utmost stretch, as the expressive gesture, repeated the name Connecticoota, adding its meaning, Long River.

Croton River-supposed to be the mis-spelling of the name of an Indian, probably the proprietor of the lands at the mouth of it, as we find it, in very early documents, in the genitive, Croton's River. In an Indian deed, 1685, the river is called Kitchawan, and the lands adjacent to it on the south, Sincksinck.

Schenectady-A tract within the limits of the COLONIE or JURISDICTIE of RENSSELAERWYCK, extending from the river in a northwestern direction, a mile in breadth, was formed by the Dutch Government into a separate Jurisdiction, known as the Jurisdiction of Schenectady, the name of the Five Nations for the site of the only settlement, at the time, within it, the DORP or village of BEVERWYCK, on the bank of the river, and its meaning, on the further side of the pine wood, denoting its situation relatively to them. The license from Stuyvesant to Van Curler and his associates, to purchase the lands, described in it, as "the well known Flatt lying behind the Fort Orange, landward in," is dated in 1661. The term Flatt has obtained among us a translation of the Dutch VLACHTE, when used to denote lands on a river by alluvion. This Flatt was, at the time, distinguished by the Dutch as the GROOTE, or Great, VLACHTE. The Indian name for it, Oronowaragouhre. It was instantly settled by the whites, and their village considered as within the Jurisdiction of Schenectady. Nicolls, very shortly after the surrender of the colony, erected the jurisdiction into a city,