Mr. C. can now boast that he has made oil from the olive, but does not think that it is sufficiently remunerative to be prosecuted as yet, and so confines himself to pickling the fruit. His pickled olives are pronounced by competent judges superior to those imported from France. He adds that very few imported pickled olives can now be sold in that section of the country.

STATISTICS OF POPULATION, &c.

POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS IN 1850 AND 1855.

In the Merchants' Magazine for March, 1856, (vol. xxxiv.,) we gave the population of the several cities and all towns with a population of 5,000 and upwards. We now give, from the United States and the State censuses the former taken in 1850, and the latter in 1855-the population of every town in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The whole is alphabetically arranged by towns and counties. The names of cities, thirteen in number, it will be seen, are printed in small capitals. The increase of population since 1850 has been 149,327, according to this statement, which has been compiled from the official returns :—

The San Francisco Herald gives the following account of the Arizona Copper Mines, which are within the boundaries of the Gadsden purchase, and situated about a hundred miles northeast of Fort Yuma, or thirty miles from the Gila River, and between twenty and five-and-thirty miles north from the western boundary of the territory recently purchased from Mexico by the United States:

The existence of these mines has been known to the Mexicans for many years, but were not worked by them on account of the hostility of the Apache Indians. In the latter part of the year 1854, a party of forty men from this State started to prospect for silver in the Arizona mountains. During this expedition, specimens of copper ore were obtained from the locality above described; and soon alterwards a company was formed, with a capital stock of $500,000, with the view of working the mines. The want of a constant supply of water has heretofore rendered the operations of the company extremely difficult, but this want is now supplied by means of wells. The extent of ground claimed by the company covers an area of 2,500 acres. The mines were opened in the month of December, 1855, and since that time the operations have progressed steadily and with daily increasing success. A great number of veins have been opened, all of which have yielded from 65 to 85 per cent of ore. A shaft has recently been sunk on a vein to the depth of fifty feet. thickness from four inches to four feet.

In this distance the vein increased in This vein contains the red oxide of cop

per, a species of ore which yields from 75 to 95 per cent of copper, and in some instances assays of the ore prove that it contains gold, but no particular value is attached to the ore on this account, as it is not believed that the latter metal exists to any considerable extent throughout the vein. The last ore taken from the shaft is very rich, being mixed with large masses of virgin copper.

The gray sulphuret of copper is taken from several veins recently opened. This ore yields from 70 to 80 per cent of copper, and also yields an average of 150 ounces of silver to the ton. A number of these veins have been opened to the depth of thirty-five feet, increasing in the distance from six inches to twenty-four inches in thickness. The region of these mines abound in a great variety of minerals, of little importance to the practical miner, but of vast interest to the mineralogist. At the present time, there are ten Americans and about thirty Mexicans constantly employed in the mines, under the direction of an experienced engineer. The general supervision of the work is under Mr. E. E. Dunbar. The affairs of the company are managed by five trustees. It is confidently asserted, that with the present mining facilities, the company will be able to take out two hundred tons of ore every month. The ore is worth, at the lowest estimate, $300 per ton, at which rate the monthly rate will be $60,000. From this product must be subtracted the expenses of mining and cost of transportation, say $20,000, leaving a net profit of $40,000 to the company, or eight per cent per month upon each share of $100.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURe of shoes.

The Philadelphia Ledger describes a newly invented shoe, which is, we should think, a very decided improvement on the heavy, inconvenient, and unhealthy India rubber over-shoe. The sole is made entirely of gutta-percha, the shoe otherwise being like the ordinary leather shoe. The sole is applied to the upper part by pressure. The inner sole and upper portion, when stretched over the last, is first punctured by a punch. The gutta-percha, in a soft state, is then pressed, by mechanical means, upon this inner sole, the material is forced through the punch holes, and the shoe is then held together as if it had been pegged, though much more securely, for the gutta-percha fills entirely the punch holes, and even forms a sort of rivet-head on the inside of the shoe. These shoes, the Ledger is informed, can be made thirty per cent cheaper than the leather-soled shoes, the price of leather having recently gone up very high. They are as serviceable to wear, and are, of course, entirely impervious to water. They may be worn like leather-soled shoes, any season of the year, without inconvenience.

PROTECTION OF ORIGINATORS AND DESIGNERS.

We concur in the recommendation of a correspondent of the New York Observer, that passage, by Congress, of a law for the protection of those persons who originate and prepare designs for articles of manufacture that business having been lately introduced into the United States, and no such provision having been made for it is urgently demanded. At present, persons engaged in it, are con stantly deprived of the fruits of their labor by unauthorized reproductions and imitations of their designs, for which the law affords them no redress. What is asked for is, the passage of an act extending the protection of copyright to all original designs to be printed on paper or cloth, or woven with other fabrics, and all original designs of forms for ornamenting any article of manufacture, so that the author or proprietor shall be entitled to an exclusive property therein for a term not less than three years.