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FIG.

PAGE

25. Ice-striation on the floor and side of a valley

67

26. Buller of Buchan-a caldron-shaped cavity or blow-hole worn out

of granite by the sea on the coast of Aberdeenshire

71

27. The Stacks of Duncansby, Caithness, a wave-beaten coast-line

73.

28. Section of submarine plain.

74

29. Storm-beach ponding back a stream and forming a lake; west

coast of Sutherlandshire.

77

30. Section of a peat-bog.

82

31. Diatom - earth from floor of Antarctic Ocean, magnified 300

[blocks in formation]

35. Cellular lava with a few of the cells filled up with infiltrated mineral

matter (Amygdules)

97

36. Section of a lava-current

98

37. Elongation of cells in direction of flow of a lava-stream.

99

38. Volcanic block ejected during the deposition of strata in water

102

39. Volcanoes on lines of fissure

104

40. Outline of a volcanic neck

106

41. Ground-plan of the structure of the Neck shown in Fig. 40

106

42. Section through the same Neck as in Figs. 40 and 41

107

43. Volcanic dykes rising through the bedded tuff of a crater

109

44. Group of quartz-crystals (Rock-crystal)

118

45. Calcite (Iceland spar), showing its characteristic rhombohedral

[blocks in formation]

53. Piece of hæmatite, showing the nodular external form and the in

ternal crystalline structure

129

54. Octahedral crystals of magnetite in chlorite schist.

130

55. Dendritic markings due to arborescent deposit of earthy manganese

oxide

131

56. Cavity in a lava, filled with zeolite which has crystallised in long

[blocks in formation]

FIG.

60. Calcite in the form of dog-tooth spar

PAGE

135

61. Sphærosiderite or Clay-ironstone concretion enclosing portion of

[blocks in formation]

65. Section of a septarian nodule, with coprolite of a fish as a nucleus

141

[blocks in formation]

73. Brecciated structure-volcanic breccia, a rock composed of angular

fragments of lava, in a paste of finer volcanic debris

149

74. Conglomerate

150

75. Concretionary forms assumed by Dolomite, Magnesian Limestone,

Durham

156

76. Weathered surface of crinoidal limestone

159

77. Group of crystals of felspar, quartz, and mica, from a cavity in the

Mourne Mountain granite

164

78. Columnar basalts of the Isle of Staffa, resting upon tuff (to the

[blocks in formation]

83. Cast of a sun-cracked surface preserved in the next succeeding

layer of sediment

177

84. Rain-prints on fine mud

178

85. Vertical trees (Sigillaria) in sandstone, Swansea (Logan)

[blocks in formation]

94. Curved strata (anticlinal fold), near St. Abb's Head

191

95. Curved strata (synclinal fold) near Banff

192

96. Anticlines and Synclines

193

FIG.

97. Section of folded and crumpled strata forming the Grosse Windgälle (10,482 feet), Canton Uri, Switzerland, showing crumpled and inverted strata (after Heim)

PAGE

193

[blocks in formation]

101. Sections to show the relations of Plications to reversed Faults

196

102. Throw of a Fault

197

103. Ordinary unaltered red sandstone, Keeshorn, Ross-shire

198

104. Sheared red sandstone forming now a micaceous schist, Keeshorn,

Ross-shire

198

105. Outline and section of a Boss traversing stratified rocks
106. Ground-plan of Granite-boss with ring of Contact-Metamorphism

202

203

[blocks in formation]

115. A, Fucoid-like impression (Eophyton Linneanum) from Cambrian

[blocks in formation]

119. Cambrian Brachiopod (Lingulella Davisii), natural size

246

120. An Upper Silurian sea-weed (Chondrites versimilis), natural size

249

[blocks in formation]

124. Filled-up Burrows or Trails left by a sea-worm on the bed of the Silurian sea (Lumbricaria antiqua,)

253

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

140. Section of part of the Cape Breton coal-field, showing a succession

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

203. Helladotherium Duvernoyi-a gigantic animal intermediate in structure between the giraffe and the antelope, Pikermi,

Attica.

350

204. Pleistocene or Glacial Shells

356

205. Mammoth, from the skeleton in the Musée Royal, Brussels. 206. Back view of skull of Musk-sheep, Brick-earth, Crayford, Kent 207. Palæolithic Implements

357

357

362

208. Antler of Reindeer found at Bilney Moor, East Dereham, Norfolk 209. Neolithic Implements

364

366

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