II.

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CHAP. powder for his eyes, from wearing sandals, and car'rying an umbrella, from sensual desires, from wrath, 'from covetousness, from dancing, and from vocal and instrumental musick;

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179. From gaming, from disputes, from detraction, and from falsehood, from embracing or wantonly looking at women, and from disservice to other men.

180. Let him constantly sleep alone: let him never waste his own manhood; for he, who voluntary wastes his manhood, violates the rule of his order, and becomes an avacírní:

181. A twice-born youth, who has involuntarily wasted his manly strength during sleep, must repeat 'with reverence, having bathed and paid homage to the sun, the text of scripture: "Again let my strength return to me.

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182. Let him carry water-pots, flowers, cow-dung, fresh earth, and cusa-grass, as much as may be useful to his preceptor; and let him perform every day the duty of a religious mendicant.

183. Each day must a Bráhmen student receive his 'food by begging, with due care, from the houses of

persons renowned for discharging their duties, and not deficient in performing the sacrifices which the Véda ordains.

184.

Let him not beg from the cousins of his preceptor; nor from his own cousins; nor from other 'kinsmen by the father's side, or by the mother's;

• but

but, if other houses be not accessible, let him begin CHAP. ' with the last of those in order, avoiding the first;

185. Or, if none of those houses just mentioned can 'be found, let him go begging through the whole district round the village, keeping his organs in subjection, and remaining silent; but let him turn away from such as have committed any deadly sin.

186. ' Having brought logs of wood from a distance, 'let him place them in the open air; and with them 'let him make an oblation to fire without remissness, 'both evening and morning.

187.

He, who for seven successive days omits the ceremony of begging food, and offers not wood to the sacred fire, must perform the penance of an avacírní, ' unless he be afflicted with illness.

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188.

Let the student persist constantly in such begging, but let him not eat the food of one person

only the subsistence of a student by begging is held equal to fasting in religious merit.

189. Yet, when he is asked in a solemn act in honour of the Gods or the Manes, he may eat at his

pleasure the food of a single person; observing, however, the laws of abstinence and the austerity of an ' anchoret: thus the rule of his order is kept inviolate.

190. This duty of a mendicant is ordained by the 'wise for a Bráhmen only; but no such act is appointed 'for a warriour, or for a merchant.

II.

CHAP.

II.

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191. Let the scholar, when commanded by his pre'ceptor, and even when he has received no command, always exert himself in reading, and in all acts useful to his teacher.

192. Keeping in due subjection his body, his speech, 'his organs of sense, and his heart, let him stand with the palms of his hands joined, looking at the face of his preceptor.

193. Let him always keep his right arm uncovered, 'be always decently apparelled, and properly composed; and when his instructor says, "be seated,"

let him sit opposite to his venerable guide.

194. In the presence of his preceptor let him always eat less, and wear a coarser mantle with worse appendages; let him rise before, and go to rest after his

'tutor.

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195. Let him not answer his teacher's orders, or converse with him, reclining on a bed; nor sitting, nor eating, nor standing, nor with an averted face:

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196. But let him both answer and converse, if his preceptor sit, standing up; if he stand, advancing 'toward him; if he advance, meeting him; if he run, hastening after him;

197. If his face be averted, going round to front him, from left to right; if he be at a little distance, approaching him; if reclined, bending to him; and, if he stand ever so far off, running toward him.

193. When

II.

198. When his teacher is nigh, let his couch or CHAP. his bench be always placed low: when his precep'tor's eye can observe him, let him not sit carelessly

at ease.

199. Let him never pronounce the mere name of his tutor, even in his absence; nor ever mimick his gait, his speech, or his manner.

200. In whatever place, either true but censorious, or false and defamatory, discourse is held concerning his teacher, let him there cover his ears or remove to another place :

201. By censuring his preceptor, though justly, he will be born an ass; by falsely defaming him, a dog; by using his goods without leave, a small worm; by envying his merit, a larger insect or reptile.

202. He must not serve his tutor by the intervention of another, while himself stands aloof; nor must he attend him in a passion, nor when a woman is near; from a carriage or raised seat he must descend to salute his heavenly director.

203. Let him not sit with his preceptor to the leeward, or to the windward of him; nor let him say any thing which the venerable man cannot hear.

204. He may sit with his teacher in a carriage drawn by bulls, horses, or camels; on a terrace, on

a pavement of stones, or on a mat of woven grass;

on a rock, on a wooden bench, or in a boat.

CHAP.

II.

205. When his tutor's tutor is near, let him de

mean himself as if his own were present; nor let him, unless ordered by his spiritual father, prostrate ' himself in his presence before his natural father, or paternal uncle.

206. This is likewise ordained as his constant behaviour toward his other instructors in science; to'ward his elder paternal kinsmen; toward all who may restrain him from sin, and all who give him salutary advice.

207. Toward men also, who are truly virtuous, let him always behave as toward his preceptor; and, in like manner, toward the sons of his teacher, who are entitled to respect as older men, and are not stu'dents; and toward the paternal kinsmen of his venerable tutor.

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208. The son of his preceptor, whether younger or of equal age, or a student, if he be capable of teaching the Veda, deserves the same honour with the preceptor himself, when he is present at any sacrificial act:

209. But he must not perform for the son of his 'teacher, the duty of rubbing his limbs, or of bathing him, or of eating what he leaves, or of washing ' his feet.

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210. The wives of his preceptor, if they be of the same class, must receive equal honour with their venerable husband; but if they be of a different

'class