with any spirituous liquor, with urine, with ordure, CHAP.

' with spittle, with pus, or with blood, cannot, even by another burning, be rendered pure.

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124. Land is cleansed by five modes; by sweeping,

by smearing with cow-dung, by sprinkling with cows' urine, by scraping, or by letting a cow pass a day and a night on it.

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125. A thing nibbled by a bird, smelt at by a cow, shaken with a foot, sneezed on, or defiled by lice, is purified by earth scattered over it.

126. As long as the scent or moisture, caused by any impurity, remain on the thing soiled, so long must earth and water be repeatedly used in all pu'rifications of things inanimate.

127. The gods declared three pure things peculiar to Bráhmens; what has been defiled without their knowledge; what, in cases of doubt, they sprinkle ' with water; and what they and what they commend with their speech.

128. Waters are pure, as far as a cow goes to quench her thirst in them, if they flow over clean earth, and are sullied by no impurity, but have a good scent, colour, and taste.

129. The hand of an artist employed in his art is always pure; so is every vendible commodity, ' when exposed to sale; and that food is always clean, ' which a student in theology has begged and received : such is the sacred rule.

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CHAP.

V.

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130. The mouth of a woman is constantly pure; 6 a bird is pure on the fall of fruit, which he has 'pecked; a sucking animal, on the flowing of the 'milk; a dog, on his catching the deer:

131. The flesh of a wild beast slain by dogs, MENU pronounces pure; and that of an animal slain by other carnivorous creatures, or by men of the 'mixed class, who subsist by hunting.

132. All the cavities above the navel are pure, and all below it, unclean; so are all excretions, that fall from the body.

133. Gnats, clear drops from the mouth of a speaker, a shadow, a cow, a horse, sun-beams, dust, 'earth, air, and fire, must all be considered as clean, even when they touch an unclean thing.

134. For the cleansing of vessels, which have held ordure or urine, earth and water must be used, as long as they are needful; and the same for cleansing the twelve corporeal impurities.

135. Oily exudations, seminal fluids, blood, dan

druff, urine, feces, ear-wax, nail-parings, phlegm, tears, concretions on the eyes, and sweat, are the twelve impurities of the human frame.

136.

By the man, who desires purity, one piece ' of earth together with water must be used for the 'conduit of urine, three for that of the feces; so, ten ' for one hand, that is, the left; then seven for both: but, if necessary, more must be used.

137. Such

that CHAP.

137. Such is the purification of married men ; ' of students must be double; that of hermits, triple; that of men wholly recluse, quadruple.

138.‘Let each man sprinkle the cavities of his body, and taste water in due form, when he has discharged urine or feces; when he is going to read 'the Veda; and, invariably, before he takes his food: 139. First, let him thrice taste water; then twice 'let him wipe his mouth, if he be of a twice-born class, and desire corporeal purity; but a woman or servile man may once respectively make that ablution. 140.

Súdras, engaged in religious duties, must per'form each month the ceremony of shaving their heads; their food must be the orts of Bráhmens; ' and their mode of purification, the same with that ' of a Vaisya.

141. Such drops of water, as fall from the mouth or any part of the body, render it not unclean; nor hairs of the beard, that enter the mouth; nor what adheres awhile to the teeth.

142. Drops, which trickle on the feet of a man holding water for others, are held equal to waters flowing over pure earth by them he is not defiled.

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143. 6 He, who carries in any manner an inanimate burden, and is touched by any thing impure, is 'cleansed by making an ablution, without laying his 'burden down.

V.

V.

CHAP. 'bathe and taste clarified butter, but, if he have eaten already, let him only perform an ablution: for him, who has been connected with a woman, bathing is ' ordained by law.

145. 6 Having slumbered, having sneezed, having eaten, having spitten, having told untruths, having 'drunk water, and going to read sacred books, let him, though pure, wash his mouth.

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146. This perfect system of rules for purifying men ' of all classes, and for cleansing inanimate things, has been declared to you: hear now the laws concerning women.

147. By a girl, or by a young woman, or by a

woman advanced in years, nothing must be done, in her own dwelling place, according to her mere pleasure:

148. In childhood must a female be dependent on her father; in youth, on her husband; her lord 'being dead, on her sons; if she have no sons, on the ¿ near kinsmen of her husband; if he left no kinsmen,

on those of her father; if she have no paternal kins

men, on the sovereign: a woman must never seek independence.

149. Never let her wish to separate herself from her father, her husband, or her sons; for, by a separation from them, she exposes both families to 'contempt.

150. She must always live with a cheerful temper, • with

' with good management in the affairs of the house, CHAP.

'with great care of the household furniture, and with

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a frugal hand in all her expences.

151. Him, to whom her father has given her, or 'her brother with the paternal assent, let her obsequiously honour, while he lives; and, when he dies, let her never neglect him.

152. The recitation of holy texts, and the sacri'fice ordained by the lord of creatures, are used in marriages for the sake of procuring good fortune to 'brides; but the first gift, or troth plighted, by the husband, is the primary cause and origin of marital ' dominion.

153. When the husband has performed the nuptial rites with texts from the Véda, he gives bliss con'tinually to his wife here below, both in season and ' out of season; and he will give her happiness in the next world.

154. Though inobservant of approved usages, or 'enamoured of another woman, or devoid of good qualities, yet a husband must constantly be revered as a god by a virtuous wife.

155. No sacrifice is allowed to women apart from 'their husbands, no religious rite, no fasting: as far only as a wife honours her lord, so far she is exalted in heaven.

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156. A faithful wife, who wishes to attain in heaven • the

V.