MEASURES,

AND OTHER

WEIGHTS, AND COINS,

MENTIONED IN THE SCRIPTURES.

I. THE names of the smaller Measures of length among the Hebrews have been borrowed from some of the members of the human body, as digit, handbreadth or palm, span, foot, cubit. The following are the measures of length mentioned in Scripture:

1. The digit, or finger breadth, ya, etzba, is said to contain the breadth of six barley. corns, where thickest, and equal to 0.912 inch, or rather more than three-fourths of an inch.

2. The handbreadth or palm, 0, tophach, is the width of a man's four fingers laid flat, i. e. four digits, or rather more than 34 inches.

3. The span, 1, zereth, is the measure from the thumb to the little finger expanded, equal to three palms, or about 10 inches.

4. The cubit, DR, ammah, is the measure of a man's arm, from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger, equal to about 1 foot 8 in.; though some compute it at 1 foot 9 in., and others at 1 foot 6 in., or even less.

5. The fathom, apyva, is the distance between the hands stretched out, including the breast, equal to four cubits, or about 6 feet 8 inches.

6. The reed, p, kaneh, was six cubits and a handbreadth, or about 10 feet 10 inches.

2. The chanix, xouis, rendered a me.. Re. vi. 6, was a Grecian measure of cap about a pint and a half, corn-measure.

3. The met etes, μетρηтпs, rendered J Jn. ii. 6, is supposed to be equal to the He bath, . e. about seven gallons and a half.

III. As the Hebrew Coins were origi Weights, and as it is by their respective w that their value is ascertained, it will E. cessary to treat of both at once.

1. The gerah, 77, rendered a piece of n was one-twentieth of a shekel, (Ex. xxx weighing nearly 11 grains, in value abou

2. The beka, p. was a half shekel,xxiv. 22. Ex. xxxvii, 26,) weighing ab dwt. 134 gr.. in value rather more than 18. 1

3. The shekel, w, according to whic the other weights and coins are computer been variously estimated at from 218 and four-sevenths to 273 grains and three-f and consequently in value from 2. 3d. Bp. CUMBERLAND states that the weig the shekel was half a Roman ounce, o grains, Troy weight; according to which posing the value of silver to be five shi an ounce, its value in English money mu 2s. 3d., for which fraction, we may, fo venience in computation, use, the diffe being only little more than one-fifth of a far 4. The maneh, 2, or mina, in gold equal in weight to 100 shekels, (comp. 1 Ki with 2 Ch. ix. 17.) or about 3lb. 9 oz. 1 3 grs.; and consequently, reckoning go. the£f an ounce, was in value rather more.

7. The stadium, oradcov, contained 400 cubits, or about 145 paces, nearly equal to a furlong, or the eighth part of an English mile.

8. A mile, tov, so called from mille, a thousand, contained in the East 10 stadia, or about one fifth more than an English mile.

II. Of Measures of capacity, some of which were for liquids, and some for things dry, following are mentioned in Scripture:

1. The log,, the smallest measure for liquids, was one-fourth of a cab, and one seventy-second of an ephah, about three fourths of a pint.

2. The cab, p, kaẞos, was one-sixth of a seah, and contained 24 eggs, or 34 pints English. 3. The omer, y, was a measure for things dry, (Ex. xvi, 36,) about 64 pints English.

4. The hin, 1, was a measure of liquids, (Ex. xxix. 40.-xxx. 24, &c.,) equal to two Attic choas, i. e. one gallon and a half English.

5. The seak, ND, or gator, was a measure of things dry, containing of an ephah, and equal to about two gallons and a half English.

6. The ephah, EN, was a measure of dry things, containing three sata, or seahs, equal to about 7 gallons and a half English.

7 The bark, na, or Baros, Lu, xvi. 6,) was a measure of liquids, of the same capacity as the ephah, the tenth part of an homer,' Eze.xlv.14. 8. The lethech, n, was a measure of dry things, and contained fifteen seahs, as EpiPHANIUS states, equal to 16 pecks English. 9. The homer, or chomer,, a measure of dry things, contained ten ephahs, (Eze. xlv. 11, equal to 32 pecks, 1 piut, English. 10. The cor, 2, or Kopos, was a measure both for liquids and solids, of the same capacity as the homer, Eze. xlv. 14. Lu. xvi. 7.

BESIDES these measures, peculiar to the Hebrews, there are three others mentioned in the New Testament, belonging to other nations.

1. The sertarius, or fearos, rendered a pot, Mar. vii. 4, was a Roman measure of liquids, equal to about a pint and a half English.

£180. But, in silver, it weighed only 60 sh (Eze, xlv. 12,) or 21h. 3oz. 7 dwt 12 grs. as a coin it was only equal to 50 sheke about £5. 145.

5. The talent,, kikkar, weighed shekels, or 114 lb. 15 dwt.; and was in about £342, 3s. 9d.

BESIDES these coins, proper to the He nation, the following Greek and Roman are mentioned in the New Testament:

1. The mite, or XenTov, called by the Jews 7, peruta, the eighth, 1.6. of ai sarium, was equal to half a quadrans, xi. 42,) or about three-eighths of a farthin

The farthing, Kоdрarтηs, or quadran called from quatuor, four, was a Roman com, in value about three-fourths of a farth 3. The assarum, aσσapiov, or as, render farthing, Mat. x. 29, and called by the Rat

DR, isor, who say that it contained e mites, was equal to the tenth part of a denar about 3 farthings and one tenth of our mon 4. The penny, or denarius, dnvasion, so ca because in ancient times it consisted deni sibus, of ten asses, was a Roman silver c equal to about 794, of our money.

5. The drachma, dpaxun, of Attica. was ecin value to the Roman denarius, Lu. xv. 8, 6. The didrachma didpaxuov, or double drac rendered by our translators tribute Mat. xvii. 24, was consequently equal to 1

7. The stater, σTаTпp, a Grecian coin, w as appears from Mat. vii, 27, equal in va to two didrachmas, or four Attic drachms, consequently to 2s. 7d.

A digit

0 0.912

MEASURES, derived from Dr.

WEIGHTS, AND COINS, ARBUTHNOT's Tables,

1. The longer Scripture

Measure

400 | A stadium
5 A Sabbath day's journey
2000
21 An Eastern mile
4000/ 10]

145 4.0

0

700

3.0

1

403

1.0

80

40

Greek and Roman 1404 A mite, (Aewvor) about

| A farthing, (sodparing about

All as, caɗaupio,) or farthing.
10 | A penny, denarius, or drachma
2| Didrachma

248 A day's journey

2. The shorter Measures of length. Eng. feet luch lige

10.944 Seventy two libras made a Roman talent, equal to

480000 | 240060 | 60000

6000 13000 | 1500 | 60 | Attic talent 193 15 00 The Italian mina, or Roman libra or pound, was ninety-six denarii, equal to

3260

Note in the preceding Tabies, silver is valued at he, and gold at i per aë

6. Jewish Measures for things liquid.

192|48|16|8|2| 1| An Arabian pole

A caph

14 7.101

1920 | 480| 160 | 80 |20| 13 | 10 | A schonus, or

measuring line

With the Abbreviations used in the References, and the Places in which the
New Testament Books were written.

B. C. 4004.

CHAP. I.

insect. open firmament.
mament. ver.7.14.

A.M.

Heb. face of the

GOD creates heaven and earth, 1; the light, 3; the 21 great. ch.6.20.-7.14.-8.19. Job7.12.— firmament, 6; separates the dry land, 9; forms Ps.104.24..26. Eze.32.2. Jon.1.17.-2.10. Ma the sun, moon, and stars, 14; fishes and fowls, 20; 40. brought. ch.8.17.-9.7. Ex.1.7.-8.3. cattle, wild beasts, and creeping things, 24; creates saw. ver.18,25.31. man in his own image, blesses him, 26; grants the fruits of the earth for food, 29.

22 ver.28.ch.8.17.-9.1.-30.27.30-35.11. L 9. Job 40.15.-42.12.Ps.107.31,38.-128.3.-14

1 beginning. Pr.8.22,23,24.-16.4. Mar.13.19. 14. Pr.10.22. In°.1.1..3. He.1.10. 1.Jn°.1.1. God. Ex.20.11.-31. 24 Let. ch.6.20.-7.14.-8.19. Job 38.39,40. 17.1 Ch.16.26. Ne.9.6. Job26.13.-38.4. Ps.8.3.-33. 1,5,9,19-40.15. Ps.50.9,10.- 104.18. 23.-146,9.-89.11,12.-96.5.-102.25.-104.24,30.-115.15. Cattle, denotes domestic animals living on -121.2-124.8.-134.3.-136.5.-146.6.-148.4.5. tables;-Beasts of the earth, wild animals; Pr.3.19.-8.22..30. Ec.12.1.Is.37.16.-40.26,28.-42. cially such as live on flesh; and-Cree 5.-44.24.-45.18.-51.13,16.-65.17. Je.10.12.-32. things, reptiles; or all the different genera of 17.-51.15. Zec.12.1. Mat.11.25. Ac.4.24.-14.15.-pents, worms, and such animals as have no 17.24. Ro.1.19.20.-11.36. 1 Co.8.6. Ep.3.9. Col.1. 25 chap.2.19,20. Job 12.8..10.-26.13. 16.17.He.1.2.-3.4.-11.3. 2 Pe.3.5. Re.3.14.-4.11. 26 Let us. ch.3.22.-11.7. Job 35.10. Ps.100 149.2.Is.64.8.Jn°.5.17.-14.23. 1Jn.5.7. -10.6.-14.7.-21.6.-22.13. Hebrew, Adam; probably so called either f the red earth of which he was formed, or f 3 God. Ps.33.6.9.-148.5. Mat.8.3. Jn.11.43. the blush or flesh tint of the human countena Let. Job 36.30.-38.19. Ps.97.11.-104.2.-118.27. the name is intended to designate the spe Is.45.7.-60.19. Jn°.1.5.9.-3.19. 2 Co.4.6. Ep.5.8, in our. ch.5.1.-9.6. Ec.7.29.Ac.17.26,28,29, 1 14. 1 Ti6.16. 1 JnL5, 28,

2 without. Job 26.7. Is.45.18. Je.4.23. Na.2.10. Spirit. Job 26.13. Ps.33.6.-104.30. 15.40.12..14.

the

4 that. ver.10,12,18,25,31. Ec.2.13.-11.7. light from the darkness. Heb. between the light and between the darkness.

5 Day, and, chap.8.22.1's.19.2.-74.16.-104.20.Is.

man

117.2Co.3.18.-4.4. Ep.4.24. Col.1.15.-3.10.Ja have dominion.ch.9.2,3,4.Job5.23. Ps.8.4..8.20..24. Ec.7.29. Je.27.6. Ac.17.20,28,29. 1 Co.: 2Co.3.18. Ep.4.24. Col.3.10. He.2.6..9. Ja.3 27 in the image. Ps.139.11.15.43.7. Ep.2. 45.7.Je.33.20.1Co.3.13.Ep.5.13.11h.5.5. And the 4.24 Col.1.15.See ver.26. male. ch.2.21..25.evening and the morning were. Heb. And the even- Mal.2.15. Mat.19.4. Mar.10.6. 1 Co.11.8,9. 28 ver.22. ch.8.17.-9.1.7.-17.16.20.-22.17 ing was, and the morning was. ver.8,13,19.23,31. Let there. ver.14,20.chap.7.11,12. Job 26.7,8,-24.60.-26.3,4,24.-33.5.-49.25. Le.26.9. 10 13.-37.11,18.-38.22..26. Ps.19.1.-33.69.-104.2. 10.-26. 5. Job 42. 12. Ps.107, 38.-127.1..5.-1 -136.5,6.-148.4.-150.1. Ec.11.3. Je.10.10,12,13.-4. 15.45.18.1 T1.4.3. moveth. Heb. creepeth. 51.15. Zec.12.1. firmament. Heb. expansion.

7 divided. Pr8.28,29. above. Job 26.8. Ps. 104. 10.-148.4. Ec.11.3. and it.ver.9,11,15,24. Mat.8.27. 8 God. ver.5,10. chap.5.2. evening. ver.5,13,

19,23,31.

9 Job 26.7,10.-38.8..11. Ps.24.1,2.-33.7.-95.5. -104.3.5.9.-136.5,6. Pr.8.28,29. Ec.1.7. Je.5.22. Jon.1.9. 2 Pe.3.5. Re.10.6.

10 God saw. ver.4. De.32.4. Ps.104.31. 11 Let the. ch.2.5. Job28.5. Ps.104.14..17.-147. 8. Mat.6.30. He.6.7. grass. Heb. tender grass. fruit. ver.29.chap.2.9.16.Ps.1.3.Je.17.8. Mat.3.10. -7.16..20. Mar.4.28. Lu.6.43,44. Ja.3.12.

69.34. Marg.

to

29 I have. Ps.24.1.-115.16. Ho.2.8. Ac.l' 25,28.1 T1.6.17. bearing. Heb, seeding. ch.2.16.-9.3. Job 36.31. Ps. 104.14,15,27,28.5.-136. 25.-145.15,16.-146.7.-147.9. Is. 3. Mat.6.11,25,26. Ac.14.17.

30 ch.9.3.Job38.39..41.-39.4,8.30.-40.15,A 104.14.-145.15,16.-147.9. life. Heb.a living s 31 very good. Job 38.7. Ps.19.1.2.-104.2 La.3.38. 1 1.4.4. and the. ver 58,13,19.23 2.2. Ex.20.11

CHAP. II.

The first Sabbath, 1-3. Farther particulars cerning the manner of creation, 4-7. The pi ing of the garden of Eden, and its situation, 8 man is placed in it; and the tree of knowl only forbidden, 15-17. The animals are name Adam, 18. The making of woman, and the i tution of marriage, 21.

12 earth. Is.61.11.Mar.4.28. herb. Is.55.10,11. Mat.13.24..26. Lu.6.44. 2 Co.9.10. Gal.6.7. 14 Let there. De.4.19. Job 25.3,5.-38.12..14. Ps.8.3.4.-19.1..6.-74.16,17.-104.19,20.-119.91. -136.7..9.-148.3..6. Is.40.26. Je.31.35.- 33. 20.25. lights, or, rather, luminaries or light1 Thus. ver.4.ch.1.1,10. Ex.20.11.-31.17. g bearers; being a different word from that rendered light, in ver. 3. the day from the night, be 19.15. 2 Ch.2.12. Ne.9.6. Job 12.9. Ps.89.11.. tween the day and between the night. and let. 104.2.-136.5.8.-146.6. Is.42.5-45.18.-48.1,. ch.8.22.-9.13.Job3.9.-38.31,32.Ps81.3. Eze.32.7, 55.9.-65.17. Je.10.12,16. Zec.12.1. Ac.4.24. 8.-46.1.6. Joel 2.10,30,31.-3.15. Am.5.8.-8.9. 4.3. host. De.4.19.-17.3.2 K1.21.3..5. Ps.33. Mat.2.2.-16.2,3.-24.29.Mar.13.24. Lu.21.25,26.- Is.34.4.-40.26. 28.-45.12.Je.8.2. Lu.2.13. Ac.7 2 And on. ch.1.31. Ex.20.11.-23.12.-31.17. 23.45. Ac.2.19,20. Re.6.12.-8.12.-9.2. 16 to rule. Heb. for the rule, &c. De.4.19. Jos. 5.14.18.58.13. Jn.5.17. He 4.4. seventh day 10.12..14. Job 31.26.-38.7. Ps.8.3.-19.6.-74.16.- The LXX. Syriac, and the Samaritan Text 1 136.7.8.9.-148.3.5. Is.13.10.-4.23.-45.7. Hab.3. the SIXTH day, which is probably the t Mat.24.29.-27.45.1Co.15.41.Re.16.8,9.-21.23. reading; as which stands for six, might eas be changed into 1, which denotes seven. he made the stars also, or, with the stars also. 17 ch.9.13. Job 38.12. Ps.8.1,3. Ac.13.47. or, rather, ceased, as the Hebrew word is 18 Ps.19.6. Je.31.35. opposed to weariness, but to action; as the vine Being can neither know fatigue, not sta in need of rest.

11.

20 Let the waters, ver.22.ch.2.19.-8.17.Ps. 104. 24,25.-148.10. Ac.17.25. moving. or, creeping. 1K1.4.33. life. Heb, a living soul, ver.30. Ec.2. 21. foul that may Ay. Heb. let fowl fly. This marginal reading is more conformable to the original, and reconciles this passage with chap. 2.19. The word fowl, from the Saxon flcon, to fly, exactly corresponds to the original, which denotes every thing that flies, whether bird or

3 blessed. Ex.16.22.30.-20.8..11.-23.12. —. 13..17.-34.21.-35.2.3. Le.23.3.-25.2.3. De.5.1 14. Ne.9.14.-13.15.2. Pr.10.22. Is.56.2.7.-1 13.14. Je.17.21..27. Eze.20.12. Mar.2.27. Lu.234 He.4.4..10.created and made. Heb.created to anal 4 the generations. ch.1.4.-5. 1.-10.1.-11.10 25.12.19.-36.1,9. Ex.6.16. Job 38.28. Ps.90.1