about an inch thick over the roots, and although the roses to which the latter method was adopted, appeared to have suffered most from frost, they, in reality, were the least injured, which was clearly proved, in the ensuing summer, by their growth being, upon the whole, more vigorous than the others, particularly the bottom shoots and suckers. I account for this latter plan proving best, from the circumstance of the two former harboring too much damp, which is more destructive to the roots than moderate frost.

The aspect in which these roses are grown to the best advantage, appears to depend entirely upon the season. If placed facing the south, (being so excitable,) they are more apt to grow during warm winters and early springs, and which renders them liable to be cut off by frosts; in such a case, the south is a bad aspect; but if, on the contrary, the winter is cold, there cannot be a better. For average seasons, however, I think, against or near a west wall, is the best situation, as it is, to a great extent, protected from the north-easterly winds, and catches but little of the early spring sun, and, when they do, it is not till late in the day, so that, should a frost have occurred in the night, the thaw will necessarily be more gradual than in a southerly or easterly situation, an item to which too much attention cannot be paid.

These roses seem to receive great benefit from the application occasionally of weak guano-water. I have also tried super-phosphate of lime, but upon these soft-wooded sorts it does not appear to have much or any effect, although on the hard-wooded kinds it may be most beneficially used.

These roses are often grown to great advantage, budded either on the Wild-Briar or the Boursault, for, although they are sometimes liable to failure, still, when they do succeed, they prove very beautiful.

For pot-culture, the Tea China roses cannot be too strongly recommended, as they are so grown, with the greatest ease, to perfection, taking care that the soil used is rich and open, (turfy,) and that good drainage be provided. Indeed, I think many of the more delicate, weak-growing varieties, such as Elisa Sauvage, &c., are suitable only for pots, as in the open borders they are often subject to failure. The comparatively hardy and vigorous varieties, such as Devoniensis, Comte de Paris, Josephine Malton, Bougère, &c., cannot be too numerously cultivated, or too strongly recommended for growing in beds or otherwise, more particularly the first-named one.-(Gard. Chron., 1847., pp. 467, 468.)

Vine Borders. Having already passed my opinion in favour of concreting the bottom of vine borders, perhaps I may be permitted to speak in defence of concreting their surface, though I have no personal experience of its good results. As we cannot command the sun's powerful exhalations in all seasons, or give them the crevices of the rock for their pasture, we must substitute something else; but is it not wrong to call concreting the surface of the borders a new practice? The material may be; but everybody knows how well vines grow, and bear, with their roots under flag-stones, and I have no doubt but many of your readers may remember Preston Hall Gardens, in Mid-Lothian, (the scene of Mr. Hay, the late garden architect's first labors,) where there was a range of houses between three and four hun

dred feet in length, with a broad gravel walk close up to the front of them, kept hard and smooth, so that moisture could not penetrate; and I never heard of such a thing as shanking there: whereas, in the gardens of Oxenford Castle, close by, I well remember, during the wet summers of 1816 and 1817, when I was a pupil there, a quantity of the late grapes were not fit to send to table; no fault could, however, in consequence, justly be laid to the charge of my worthy preceptor, Mr. Shiels, whose fame as a grapegrower, the Horticultural Society of London has established, nor could it be imputed to the want of proper drainage, for there was commenced, and well-performed, that system which has since made the name of the Earl of Stair so famous; but the soil was cultivated stiff, and very rich. In the gardens of Marham some vines have been lately planted in some Pine-stoves, and those that have the surface of the borders covered with gravel, quite firm, are far more prolific than those where the border is cultivated; and, completely eclipse the vines planted in a house that (if my information is correct) had twenty pounds' worth of ground-bones mixed with the soil. So much for "pabulum." I believe the simplest, and the best, composition for a vine border, is light loam, brick rubbish, and farm-yard manure, not much decayed, in equal proportions, and to be well-drained.—(Farm. and Gard. Journal, p. 4, 1847.)

ART. II. Foreign Notices.

Exhibitions of the London Horticultural Society.-The exhibitions of this Society for the year have been exceedingly fine, but, from the great length of the reports, we have been unable to find room for them. The exhibition of pelargoniums having been exceedingly fine, and many amateurs feeling an interest in this flower, we have made room for the following account of them :The collections of Pelargoniums were more numerous than on former occasions. The display was very effective, and rendered more interesting than usual, by the general introduction, in the different stands, of the new and improved varieties. One feature, in this exhibition of Pelargoniums, must not be allowed to pass unnoticed; we allude to the collection from E. Foster, Esq., of Clewer; these plants were specimens of superior cultivation, and were grown and exhibited without sticks or other mechanical supports. They were grown in 8 inch pots; the plants were very large, and the only training they appeared to have been subjected to, was in the lower shoots having been tied down horizontally, and inclined downwards to spread out the branches, and conceal the surface of the pots; having been thus secured, they appeared then to have been allowed to take their natural course upwards, growing with great luxuriance, having thick branches, with large and healthy foliage, and with stout and well-developed flowers. The contrast afforded by the exhibition of these plants, and the regulated management applied to the other collections, will no doubt be productive of great improvement in this department. The contrast showed clearly the faults on

either side, and that a union of the two styles, finding the happy medium, and keeping the means concealed by which the necessary degree of training is accomplished, will be most satisfactory for all purposes.-In the Amateurs' Class, for 12 new and first-rate flowers, grown with superior skill in 8 inch pots, the 1st prize was awarded to Mr. Whomes, gr. to E. Foster, Esq., of Clewer, whose sorts were Orion, Ariel, Lucretia, Pericles, Clarinda, Jenny Lind, Marion, Minerva, Armida, Ondine, Bertha, and Ardens. Mr. Cock, of Chiswick, obtained the 2d prize for Isabella, Duchess of Leinster, Sylvia, Hector, Zenobia, President, Rosetta, Minerva, and Miss Halford.-3d prize to Mr. Robinson, gr. to J. Simpson, Esq., who showed Juliet, Duke of Wellington, Sarah, Duke of Cornwall, Magog, Sunrise, Dido, Erectum, Rosy Circle, Orion, Matilda, and Aurora.-4th prize to Mr. Coysh, gr. to R. Hudson, Esq., for Oberon, Nina, Cleopatra, Nabob, Meteor, Champion, Beauty of Clapham, Sunrise, Lady Sale, Rosy Circle, and Matilda.-5th prize to Mr. Stains, for Hebe's Lip, Orion, Desdemona, Camilla, Aurora, Bianca, Sirius, Isabella, Rosy Circle, Pearl, Vesuvius, and Duchess of Leinster. In the same class, for Nurserymen, Mr. Dobson, gr. to Mr. Beck, obtained the first prize. His collection contained Competitor, Centurion, Blanche, Emelie, Aurora, Cassandra, Princess, Desdemona, Pacha, Cavalier, Rosamond, and Hebe's Lip.-Mr. Gaines, of Battersea, received the 2d prize, for Lady Bulkeley, Lady Kitty, King of Saxony, Eximia, Orion, Princess, Hector, Model, Attractor, Salamander, Aladdin, and Shield of Achilles. For collections of 12 specimens grown in 11 inch pots, the 1st prize, in the Amateurs' Class, was awarded to Mr. Parker, gr. to J. H. Oughton, Esq., for Roulette, Adonis, Rainbow, Hesperus, Enchantress, Flora, Duke of Cornwall, Matilda, Emma, Duchess of Leinster, Hector, and Superba. The second prize, in the same class, was given to Mr. Goulding, gr. to T. Turner, Esq.; and the 3d to Mr. Higgins, gr. to E. Saunders, Esq. In the Nurserymen's Class, the 1st prize was awarded to Mr. Gaines, Battersea, for Witch, Cotherstone, Emma, Floridum, Lady Sale, Queen of Bourbons, Pirate, Miss Holford, Alba Grandiflora, Princess, Lady Prudhoe, and Henrietta. The prize of £7, offered by "Philo," for the best 6 seedlings, not sent out, two years old, and by any raiser, excited much expectation; but strange as it may read, but two competitors appeared to contest the prize, Mr. Whomes, gr. to E. Foster, Esq., of Clewer, and Mr. Dobson, gr. to Mr. E. Beck, of Isleworth. The prize was awarded to Mr. Dobson, who produced 6 superior seedlings, remarkable for variety, quality, and form-Honora, Cavalier, Grandiflora, Centurion, Cardinal, and Gulielma. To the other collection, which contained some fine specimens, no names were attached.—(Gard. Chron., 1847, p. 422.)

ART. III. Domestic Notices.

Springfield Horticultural Society.—We are gratified to learn that a soci ety has been recently formed in this town. The first exhibition was held on

Friday, July 2d, and some very handsome flowers and fine fruits, particularly strawberries, were exhibited. From a report which has been sent us, we learn that "it fully equalled the highest anticipations, that could have been formed, of the abilities of our citizens to make a creditable exhibition of this character, whenever they were seriously called upon to do so. Of flowers, there were every variety which the season affords, including a most rich display of roses of every hue and form. A number of rare and elegant potplants, principally from the green-houses of B. K. Bliss and Mrs. Trask, added largely to the interest and beauty of the display. The number of contributors was large, revealing the gratifying and encouraging fact, that an interest, practical as well as theoretical, pervades the community to a very general extent. A few beautiful dahlias, notwithstanding this is not the season for them, were among the attractions present.

In fruits, there were some of the richest specimens of strawberries and cherries, that we ever saw. The former were particularly numerous and fine, and a large portion of them were from Cabotville and Chicopee Falls, the citizens of which villages contributed very essentially to each department of the exhibition, and proved that, comparatively, they are in advance of their brethren in this part of the town, in the attention which they bestow upon the science and practice of Horticulture."

The following is a condensed account of the flowers and fruits exhibited :from B. K. Bliss, a splendid assortment of green-house plants, consisting of geraniums, Gésnera zebrina, Achimenes picta, salvia, &c.; also three yellow Persian melons, a species of muskmelon, fully ripe; one large and very beautiful pyramidal bouquet, one small do., one large flat do., one vase of pansies, one vase of cut verbenas, also a variety of cut flowers; all of which attracted great notice.

From James T. Ames, Esq., Cabotville, one Chinese Orange in full bearing; very fine plants of the Sago Palm, Hòya carnosa, Century plant; suberb specimens of Hovey's Seedling, and Ross's Phoenix strawberry, one basket fine cherries. Splendid bouquets from R. Whittier, Esq. and Moody Ferre of Cabotville; also from Mrs. W. B. Calhoun, Mrs. C. W. Chapin, Miss S. Willard, Mrs. S. Bailey and Miss Isabella Clary. Mrs. Richard Bliss, a fine Orange tree in full bloom; also a fine display of cut flowers, and Hovey's Seedling strawberries.

From Lucius Harthan, Cabotville, fine specimens of Moss and Hybrid Perpetual roses; also magnificent specimens of Hovey's Seedling strawberries, the largest and handsomest exhibited. From T. W. Carter, Esq., Chicopee Falls, a magnificent pyramid of roses, cherries and strawberries. From George Merriam, fine black Tartarian cherries. From Charles Merriam, fine specimens of Early Virginia and Hovey's Seedling strawberries.

From George Bliss's garden, fine strawberries. Superior specimens of Hovey's Seedling strawberries were also exhibited by Mrs. W. B. Calhoun, J. Hitchcock, Cabotville; Elizur Bates, Richard Bagg, Jr., and P. C. Davis, Chicopee Falls; also a fine lot from Dr. Bridgman, Cabotville, from

plants set out April 27, 1847. Fine cherries from Mrs. Chas. Howard, Dr. J. H. Grey, R. Whittier, Esq. and Dr. Bridgman, Cabotville. From R. E. Bemis, Esq., Cabotville, fine specimens of new potatoes, White and Black Heart Cherries.

In the evening, a Horticultural Society was organized under the act of incorporation passed by the last Legislature.

The following were chosen its officers :—

Wm. B. Calhoun, President; Timothy W. Carter, J. B. Bridgman, Henry Vose, Vice Presidents; B. K. Bliss, Secretary and Treasurer; Rufus Whittier, D. M. Bryant, Richard Bliss, Henry Brewer, Jr., Lucius Harthan, Directors.

The Society starts under good auspices, and we trust will continue to be largely encouraged and sustained in its worthy objects by the efforts of our citizens. Such exhibitions, as that of yesterday, we hope will be repeated as often as may be convenient. They surely must exert a good influence over the minds and tastes of the community.-(Springfield Republican.)

Wendell's Mottled Bigarreau Cherry.-In our last number (p. 369,) we noticed the production of this new cherry by our correspondent, Dr. Wendell of Albany. We have the pleasure of stating that a full description of it, accompanied with an engraving, will appear in our next number. It is a very superior variety.-Ed.

Seedling Peaches.-We have recently received from S. T. Jones, Esq., Staten Island, two seedling peaches, which ripened in his cold house as early as the 1st of August, and one of which was of very superior quality, being large, handsome, and of delicious flavor. We shall give a descriptive account of them in our next. Our thanks are due to Mr. Jones for his attention in forwarding the fruit.-Ed.

New Seedling Cherries.-Dr. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, has raised several seedling cherries, which he has placed in the hands of Messrs. Elliot & Co., of that place, for sale. The following are the names :-Cleveland Bigarreau, Rockport Bigarreau, Late Bigarreau, Elliot's Favorite, Ohio Beauty, The Doctor, and Kirtland's May. Dr. Kirtland does not hold himself responsible for any description or statement Mr. Elliot may publish, but he has the fullest confidence that they will be correct.-Ed.

The Colmar d'Aremberg Pear.-We are surprised to see this new and fine variety advertised as the Winter Bartlett! For what reason this new name is given we are at loss to conjecture, unless to mislead those who purchase. There is no such pear, in truth, as the Bartlett, and to add the cognomen of Winter, and apply it to this new pear, which has always been received from abroad under one name only, that of Colmar d'Aremberg, is only tending to produce confusion and error. We trust no American nurseryman will coin new names for foreign fruits.—Ed.

Houghton's Seedling Gooseberry.-The exhibition of some very fine specimens of this variety, at a late meeting of the Horticultural Society, reminds us that we have neglected to notice it before. The great difficulty attending the growth of the large and fine sorts of English gooseberries is,