Metaphysics: A Study in First PrinciplesHarper & Brothers, 1882 - 534 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
absolute absurd action activity admit affirm agent allow antecedent appears assumed assumption atomic theory atoms attempt basal becomes belief body causation cause changeless claim coexist common-sense conceived conception conclusion consciousness deduce definite deny determined difficulty distinction doctrine Eleatic elements empiricism empiricist ence existence experience explain fact finite force ground Hence Heraclitus Herbart hypostasized ical idea identity impossible independent infinite insight interac interaction intuition intuitionist knowledge law of identity laws of thought Leibnitz logical manifestation material materialist matter mean mental metaphysical mind monism nature necessary necessity never notion noumena object ontological organism perception phenomena philosophy physical series position possible pre-established harmony principle produce psychological pure qualities question rational reach reality reason relations rest result scepticism sensation sense simply soul space speculation Spinoza subjective idealism substance theism things tion true truth unity universal velocity
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Página 385 - If these positions are well based, it follows that our mental conditions are simply the symbols in consciousness of the changes which take place automatically in the organism; and that, to take an extreme illustration, the feeling we call volition is not the cause of a voluntary act, but the symbol of that state of the brain which is the immediate cause of that act.
Página 409 - All talk of pictures, impressions, etc., ceases because of the lack of all the conditions to give such figures any meaning. It is not even clear that we shall ever find our way out of the darkness into the world of light and reality again. 'We begin with complete trust in physics and the senses, and are forthwith led away from the object into a nervous labyrinth, where the object is entirely displaced by a set of nervous changes which are totally unlike anything but themselves.
Página 409 - The immediate antecedents of sensation and perception are a series of nervous changes in the brain. Whatever we know of the outer world is revealed only in and through these nervous changes. But these are totally unlike the objects assumed to exist as their causes. If we might conceive the mind as in the light, and in direct contact with its objects, the imagination at least would be comforted ; but when we conceive the mind as coming in contact with the outer world only in the dark chamber of the...
Página 508 - ... system — the ideology of Condillac and his school; a system which affected to resolve all the phenomena of the human mind into sensation, by a process which essentially consisted in merely calling all states of mind, however heterogeneous, by that name...
Página 410 - But, in order to pass beyond these signs into a knowledge of the outer world, we must posit an interpreter who shall read back these signs into their objective meaning. But that interpreter, again, must implicitly contain the meaning of the universe within itself, and these signs are really but excitations which cause the soul to unfold what is within itself. Inasmuch as by common consent the soul communicates with the outer world only through these signs, and never comes nearer to the object than...
Página 126 - Neither coexistence nor contiguity in space throws any light upon interaction; and, since interaction must be affirmed, the only way out is to deny the independence of the plurality, and reduce it to a constant dependence, in some way, upon one all-embracing being, which is the unity of the many, and in whose unity an interacting plurality first becomes possible.
Página 409 - We began with complete trust in physics and the senses, and are forthwith led away from the object into a nervous labyrinth, where the object is entirely displaced by a set of nervous changes which are totally unlike anything but themselves. Finally, we land in the dark chamber of the skull. The object has gone completely, and knowledge has not yet appeared. Nervous signs are the raw material of all knowledge of the outer world, according to the most decided realism. But in order to pass beyond these...