splendour, till 1601; when after having beheaded Mary, Queen of Scots, and established the protestant religion, she was succeeded by James VI. of Scotland, and First of England, a descendant by marriage from the royal family of England. He was succeeded, 1625, by his son, Charles I. Charles had great contentions with his parliament, and was at length, after much civil war, beheaded, 1649. Oliver Cromwell, under the name of Protector, was at the head of the British government about ten years. Charles II. 1660, succeeded his father, and died in 1685. His brother, James II. reigned a few years, and then abdicated the throne. William of Orange, who had married Mary, daughter of James II. was called to the throne. William III. died 1702, and was succeeded by Anne, another daughter of James II. In 1714, on the death of Queen Anne, parliament invited to the throne George, Elector of Hanover, who had married a descendant of Charles I. the nearest protestant heir. He reigned till 1727, when his son, George II. succeeded: who held the sceptre till 1761; when he was succeeded by his grandson, George III. who died in 1820. Soon after his accession to the throne, commenced the disputes with America, which led to the American revolution. The threatening aspect of the French revolution, induced the British to take up arms against the French. This war continued, with little intermission, about twenty years; when it was finally closed, 1815, by the total discomfiture of Bonaparte, at the battle of Waterloo: and though it greatly increased the national debt, while it established, in a great measure, the peace and the liberties of Europe, it added splendour to the army and navy, from their numerous and important achievements. George IV. the present monarch, is the oldest son of the late king. He had been regent since 1811. SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND. The union of the Heptarchy, Athelstan, Henry III. 880 Henry IV. 1216 Edward I. 1272 Edward II: 1307 Edward III. 1326 Richard II. 1377 1399 1412 910 Henry VI. 1442 925 Edward IV. 1460 Edmund, Edred, Edwy, Edgar, 941 Edward V. 1483 Edward, the Martyr, Etheldred, Edmond Ironside, Canute the Dane, Danish line, William the Conqueror, Dan ish line, William Rufus, 1035 Charles I. 975 Edward VI. 1546 978 Mary 1553. 1016 Elizabeth, 1558 1017 James I. 1602 1625 1041 James II.. 1695 1066 William and Mary, 1683 1066 George I. 1714 1087 George II. 1727 1100 George III. 1760 1135 Regency of the Prince of 1154 Wales, 1811 1189 George IV. 1820 1199 SOVEREIGNS OF FRANCE. Pharamond led his Franks A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF REMARKABLE EVENTS, DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS. Before Christ. The creation of the world, and Adam and Eve, 4004 The birth of Cain, 4003 The old world is destroyed by a deluge, continuing 377 days, 2348 The tower of Babel is built by Noah's posterity, about Ninus, the son of Belus, founds the kingdom of Assyria, which lasted above 1000 years, and out of its ruins were formed the Assyrians of Babylon, those of Nineveh, and the kingdom of the Medes, 2247 2059 Joseph dies in Egypt, which concludes the book of Genesis, containing a period of 2369 years, 1635 Aaron born in Egypt, 1574 Cecrops brings a colony of Saites from Egypt into Attica, and begins the kingdom of Athens, 1556 Cadmus carried the Phoenician letters into Greece, and built the Citadel of Thebes, Moses performs a number of miracles in Egypt, and departs from that kingdom, together with 600,000 Israelites, besides children; which completed the 430 years of sojourning, The Olympic games celebrated at Olympia in Greece, The Pentateuch, or five first books of Moses, are written in the land of Moab, where he died the year following, aged 110, 1452 The Israelites, after sojourning in the wilderness forty years, are led under Joshua into the land of Canaan, and the period of the sabbatical year commences, The rape of Helen by Paris, which gave rise to the Trojan war, 1193 David is sole king of Israel, Money first made of gold and silver at Argos, 894 The city of Carthage, in Africa, founded by queen Dido, 869 814 Era of the building of Rome in Italy, by Romulus, first king of the Romans, 753 Samaria taken, after three years siege, and the kingdom of Israel finished by Salmanasar, king of Assyria, who carries the ten tribes into captivity, 720 The city of Jerusalem taken after a siege of 18 months, 587 559 The kingdom of Babylon terminates, 538; that city being taken by Cyrus, who issues an edict for the return of the Jews, 536 Xerxes the Great, king of Persia, begins his expedition against The history of the Old Testament finishes about The first Punic war begins, and continues 23 years. The chrono- The Alexandrian library, consisting of 400,000 valuable books, Alexandria, in Egypt, is taken by Octavius, upon which Antony The temple of Janus is shut by Augustus as an emblem of universal peace, JESUS CHRIST, is born After Christ. 27 33 64 306 313 66 JESUS CHRIST is baptized in the wilderness by John, The tenth persecution ends by an edict of Constantine, who fa- 325 Constantine orders all the heathen temples to be destroyed, 331 410 426 Attila (surnamed the scourge of God) with his Huns, ravages the 447 Clovis, king of France, baptized, and Christianity begins in that kingdom, 496 The power of the Popes, by the concessions of Phocas, emperor of the East, begins, 606 Mahomet, the false prophet, flies from Mecca to Medina, 622 637 Charlemagne, king of France, begins the empire of Germany, afterwards called the western empire; and gives the present names to the winds and the months, 800 |