CHAP.

III.

guished in an instant like a fire of dry grass: to him the oblation must not be given; for the clarified but'ter must not be poured on ashes.

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169. WHAT retribution is prepared in the next life ' for the giver of food to men inadmissible into company, at the sráddha to the gods and to ancestors, 'I will now declare without omission.

170. On that food, which has been given to Bráhmens who have violated the rules of their order, to 'the younger brother married before the elder, and to the rest who are not admissible into company, the Racshases eagerly feast.

171.. He, who makes a marriage-contract with the 'connubial fire, while his elder brother continues unmarried, is called a perivéttri; and the elder brother a perivitti:

172. The perivéttri, the perivitti, the damsel thus 'wedded, the giver of her in wedlock, and, fifthly, 'the performer of the nuptial sacrifice, all sink to a region of torment.

173.

He, who lasciviously dallies with the widow of his deceased brother, though she be legally married to him, is denominated the husband of a didhishú.

174. Two sons, named a cunda and a gólaca, are 'born in adultery; the cunda, while the husband is 'alive, and the gólaca, when the husband is dead:

175. Those

III.

175. Those animals begotten by adulterers, destroy, CHAP. both in this world and in the next, the food pre'sented to them by such as make oblations to the gods or to the manes.

176. The foolish giver of a sráddha loses, in a future life, the fruit of as many admissible guests, as a thief or the like person, inadmissible into company, might be able to see.

177. A blind man placed where one with eyes 'might have seen, destroys the reward of ninety; he, who has lost one eye, of sixty; a leper, of an hundred; one punished with elephantiasis, of a thousand.

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178. Of the gift at a sráddha, to as many Bráhmens, as a sacrificer for a Súdra might be able to touch on the body, the fruit is lost to the giver, if . he invite such a wretch;

179. And if a Brahmen who knows the Véda, ' receive through covetousness a present from such a 'sacrificer, he speedily sinks to perdition, like a figure of unburnt clay in water.

180. Food Food given to a seller of the moon-plant, becomes ordure in another world; to a physician pu'rulent blood; and the giver will be a reptile bred in • them; if offered to an image-worshipper, it is 'thrown away; if to an usurer, infamous.

181.That which is given to a trader, endures

• neither

CHAP.

III.

neither in this life nor in the next, and that bestowed on a Bráhmen, who has married a widow, resem'bles clarified butter poured on ashes as an oblation to fire.

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182. That food, which is given to other base, 'inadmissible men, before mentioned, the wise have 'pronounced to be no more than animal oil, blood, flesh, skin, and bones.

183. Now learn comprehensively, by what Bráhmens a company may be purified, when it has been defiled by inadmissible persons ; Bráhmens, the chief of their class, the purifiers of every assembly.

184. Those priests must be considered as the puri'fiers of a company who are most learned in all the Védas and in all their Angas, together with their descendants who have read the whole scripture:

185. A priest learned in a principal part of the Yajurveda; one who keeps the five fires constantly burning; one skilled in a principal part of the Rigvéda; one who explains the six Védángas; the son of a Bráhmì, or woman married by the Bráhma ceremony; and one who chants the principal Sáman;

186. One who propounds the sense of the Védas, which he learnt from his preceptor, a student who has given a thousand cows for pious uses, and a ‹ Bráhmen a hundred years old, must all be considered as the purifiers of a party at a sráddha.

III.

187. On the day before the sacred obsequies, or on CHAP. 'the very day when they are prepared, let the performer of them invite, with due honour, such Bráhmens as have been mentioned; usually one superiour, who has three inferiour to him.

188. The Bráhmen, who has been invited to a sráddha for departed ancestors, must be continually ' abstemious; he must not even read the Védas; and 'he, who performs the ceremony, must act in the

" same manner.

189.

Departed ancestors, no doubt, are attendant on such invited Bráhmens; hovering around them like pure spirits, and sitting by them, when they are seated.

190. The priest, who having been duly invited to a sráddha, breaks the appointment, commits a grievous offence, and, in his next birth, becomes a hog.

191. He, who caresses a Súdrà woman, after he has 'been invited to sacred obsequies, takes on himself all 'the sin, that has been committed by the giver of the repast.

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192. ‹ The Pitris or great progenitors, are free from

' wrath, intent on purity, ever exempt from sensual passions, endued with exalted qualities: they are pri'meval divinities, who have laid arins aside.

193. Hear now completely, from whom they sprang; 'who they are; by whom, and by what ceremonies they are to be honoured.

194. The sons of MARICHI and of all the other • Rishis

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III.

CHAP. Rishis, who were the offspring of MENU, son of BRAHMA', are called the companies of Pitris, or forefathers.

195. The Sómasads, who sprang from VIRAJ, are 'declared to be the ancestors of the Sádhyas; and the Agnishwáttas, who are famed among created beings as the children of MARICHI, to be the progenitors of 'the Dévas.

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196. Of the Daityas, the Dánavas, the Yacshas, the Gandharvas, the Uragas, or Serpents, the Racshases, the Garudas, and the Cinnaras, the ancestors are Barhishads descended from ATRI ;

197. Of Bráhmens, those named Sómapas; of Cshatriyas, the Havishmats; of Vaisyas, those called Ajyapas; of Súdras, the Sucálins:

198. The Sómapas descended from Me, BHRIGU; 'the Havishmats, from ANGIRAS; the Ajyapas, from 'PULASTYA; the Sucálins, from VASISHT' HA.

199. Those who, are, and those who are not, consumable by fire, called Agnidagdhas, and Anagnidagdhas, the Cávyas, the Barhishads, the Agnishwáttas, and the Saumyas, let mankind consider as the chief progenitors of Bráhmens.

200. Of those just enumerated, who are generally reputed the principal tribes of Pitris, the sons and grandsons indefinitely, are also in this world considered as great progenitors.

201. From the Rishis come the Pitris, or pa'triarchs;