one, who has been gr aly wounded; nor one, CHAP. who's terrified; nor one, O turns his back. 94. The soldier, indeed, who, fearing and turning 'his back, happens to be slain by his foes in an engagement, shall take upon himself all the sin of ' his commander, whatever it be; 95. And the commander shall take to himself the fruit of all the good conduct, which the soldier, who turns his back and is killed, had previously • stored up for a future life. 6 96. CARS, horses, elephants, umbrellas, habiliments, except the jewels which may adorn them, grain, cattle, women, all sorts of liquids and metals, except gold ' and silver, are the lawful prizes of the man who takes them in war; 97. But of those prizes, the captors must lay the ' most valuable before the king; such is the rule in 'the Veda concerning them; and the king should dis'tribute among the whole the whole army what has not been 'separately taken. 98. Thus has been declared the blameless primeval 'law for military men; from this law a king must never depart, when he attacks his foes in battle. 99. 'What he has not gained from his foe, let him 'strive to gain; what he has acquired, let him preserve with care; what he preserves, let him augment; ‹ and what he has augmented, let him bestow on VII. the deserving. 2 D 100. This CHAP. 100. This is the four-fold rule, which he must consider as the sure means of attaining the great object of man, happiness; and let him practise it fully with' out intermission, without indolence: 101. What he has not gained, let him strive to gain by military strength; what he has acquired, let him preserve by careful inspection; what he has pre'served, let him augment by legal modes of increase; and what he has augmented, let him dispense with just liberality. 6 102. Let his troops be constantly exercised; his prowess, constantly displayed; what he ought to secure, constantly secured; and the weakness of his foe, constantly investigated. 103. · By a king, whose forces are always ready for action, the whole world may be kept in awe; let ' him then, by a force always ready, make all creatures I living his own. 104. Let him act on all occasions without guile, ' and never with insincerity; but, keeping himself ever on his guard, let him discover the fraud intended ' by his foe. 105. Let not his enemy discern his vulnerable part, 'but the vulnerable part of his enemy let him well 'discern like a tortoise, let him draw in his nem'bers under the shell of concealment, and diligently let him repair any breach that may be made in it. 106. Like a heron, let him muse on gaining ad vantages; VII. vantages; like a lion, let him put forth his strength; CHAP. like a wolf, let him creep towards his prey; like a hare, let him double to secure his retreat. 107. When he thus has prepared himself for con quest, let him reduce all opposers to submission by negotiation and three other expedients, namely, presents, division, and force of arms: 108. If they cannot be restrained by the three first methods, then let him, firmly but gradually, bring 'them to subjection by military force. 109. Among those four modes of obtaining success, the wise prefer negotiation and war for the exaltation of kingdoms. 110. As a husbandman plucks up weeds and pre serves his corn, thus let a king destroy his opponents and secure his people. 111. That king, who, through weakness of intellect, rashly oppresses his people, will, together with his family, be deprived both of kingdom and life: 112. As, by the loss of bodily sustenance, the lives ' of animated beings are destroyed, thus, by the dis'tress of kingdoms, are destroyed even the lives of kings. 6 6 113. For the sake of protecting his dominions, let the king perpetually observe the following rules; for, by protecting his dominions, he will increase his own happiness. CHAP. 114. Let him place, as the protectors of his realm, VII. 6 . a company of guards, commanded by an approved officer, over two, three, five, or a hundred districts, according to their extent. 115. Let him appoint a lord of one town with its district, a lord of ten towns, a lord of twenty, a lord of a hundred, and a lord of a thousand. 116. Let the lord of one town certify of his own accord to the lord of ten towns any robberies, tumults, or other evils, which arise in his district, and 'which he cannot suppress; and the lord of ten, to the lord of twenty: 117. Then let the lord of twenty towns notify them to the lord of a hundred; and let the lord of a hundred transmit the information himself to the lord of a thousand townships. 118. Such food, drink, wood, and other articles, as by law should be given each day to the king by the inhabitants of the township, let the lord of one town receive as his perquisite : 119. Let the lord of ten towns enjoy the produce ' of two plough-lands, or as much ground as can be 'tilled with two ploughs, each drawn by six bulls; the 'lord of twenty, that of ten plough-lands; the lord ' of a hundred, that of a village or small town; the lord of a thousand, that of a large town. 120. The affairs of those townships, either jointly * See Note on Book VII verse 119. 'or or separately transacted, let another minister of the CHAP. king inspect; who should be well affected, and by VII. 121. In every large town or city, let him appoint one superintendent of all affairs, elevated in rank, ⚫ formidable in power, distinguished as a planet among 'stars: 122. Let that governor from time to time survey all the rest in person, and, by means of his emissaries, let him perfectly know their conduct in their 6 several districts. 6 123. Since the servants of the king, whom he has appointed guardians of districts, are generally knaves, who seize what belongs to other men, from such knaves let him defend his people : 124. Of such evil-minded servants, as wring wealth 'from subjects attending them on business, let the king confiscate all the possessions, and banish them from his realm. 6 125. FOR Women, employed in the service of the king, and for his whole set of menial servants, let him daily provide a maintenance, in proportion to 'their station and to their work : 126. One pana of copper must be given each day as wages to the lowest servant, with two cloths for apparel every half-year, and a dróna of grain every month; to the highest must be given wages in the • ratio of six to one. 127. HAVING |