from a wish to give himself pleasure, adds nothing CHAP. to his own happiness, living or dead;

46. While he, who gives no creature willingly the

pain of confinement or death, but seeks the good

' of all sentient beings, enjoys bliss without end.

47. He, who injures no animated creature, shall ' attain without hardship whatever he thinks of, whatever he strives for, whatever he fixes his mind on. 48. Flesh-meat cannot be procured without injury to animals, and the slaughter of animals obstructs the path to beatitude; from flesh-meat, therefore, let man abstain :

49. Attentively considering the formation of bodies, ' and the death or confinement of embodied spirits, let him abstain from eating flesh-meat of any kind. 50. The man, who forsakes not the law, and eats not flesh-meat, like a blood-thirsty demon, shall at'tain good will in this world, and shall not be afflicted 'with maladies.

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51. He, who consents to the death of an animal; 'he, who kills it; he, who dissects it; he, who buys it; he, who sells it; he, who dresses it; he, who

serves it up; and he, who makes it his food; these are eight principals in the slaughter.

52. Not a mortal exists more sinful than he, who, 'without an oblation to the manes or the gods, de'sires to enlarge his own flesh with the flesh of another creature.

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CHAP.

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53. The man, who performs annually, for a hun'dred years, an aswamédha, or sacrifice of a horse, and 'the man, who abstains from flesh-meat, enjoy for 'their virtue an equal reward.

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54. By subsisting on pure fruit and on roots, and

by eating such grains as are eaten by hermits, a 'man reaps not so high a reward, as by carefully abstaining from animal food.

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55." Me he (mán sa) will devour in the next ' world, whose flesh I eat in this life;" thus should a

flesh eater speak, and thus the learned pronounce the true derivation of the word mánsa, or flesh.

56. In lawfully tasting meat, in drinking fermented liquor, in caressing women, there is no turpitude; for to such enjoyments men are naturally prone: but a virtuous abstinence from them produces a signal ' compensation.

57.

Now will I promulgate the rules of purification 'for the dead, and the modes of purifying inanimate things, as the law prescribes them for the four ' classes in due order.

58. When a child has teethed, and when, after teething, his head has been shorn, and when he has 'been girt with his thread, and when, being full grown, he dies, all his kindred are impure : on the birth of a child the law is the same.

59. By a dead body, the sapindas are rendered impure in the law for ten days, or until the fourth day,

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day, when the bones have been gathered up, or for CHAP. 'three days, or for one day only, according to the qualities of the deceased:

60. Now the relation of the sapindas, or men con'nected by the funeral cake, ceases with the seventh person, or in the sixth degree of ascent or descent, ' and that of samánódacas, or those connected by an equal oblation of water, ends only, when their births and family-names are no longer known.

61. As this impurity, by reason of a dead kinsman, is ordained for sapindas, even thus it is ordained on a child-birth, for those who seek absolute purity.

62. Uncleanness, on account of the dead, is ordained for all; but on the birth of a child, for the 'mother and father: impurity, for ten days after the 'child-birth, affects the mother only; but the father, having bathed, becomes pure.

63. A man, having wasted his manhood, is puri'fied by bathing; but, after begetting a child on a parapúrvá, he must meditate for three days on his impure state.

64. In one day and night, added to nights three 'times three, the sapindas are purified after touching 'the corpse; but the samánódacas, in three days.

65. A pupil in theology, having performed the ceremony of burning his deceased preceptor, be

CHAP.

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comes pure in ten nights: he is equal, in that case, 'to the sapindas, who carry out the dead.

66. In a number of nights, equal to the number ' of months from conception, a woman is purified on a miscarriage; and a woman in her courses is ren'dered pure by bathing, when her effusion of blood has quite stopped.

67. For deceased male children, whose heads have 'not been shorn, purity is legally obtained in one night; but for those, on whom that ceremony has 'been performed, a purification of three nights is re'quired.

let

68. A dead child under the age of two years, his kinsmen carry out having decked him with flowers, and bury him in pure ground, without col'lecting his bones at a future time:

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69. Let no ceremony with fire be performed for

' him, nor that of sprinkling water; but his kindred, having left him like a piece of wood in the forest, 'shall be unclean for three days.

70. For a child under the age of three years,

the

ceremony with water shall not be performed by his

kindred; but, if his teeth be completely grown, or

' a name have been given him, they may perform it, or not, at their option.

71. A fellow student in theology being dead, three 'days of impurity are ordained; and, on the birth of 'a samánódaca, purification is required for three nights.

72. The

72. The relations of betrothed but unmarried dam- CHAP. sels, are in three days made pure; and, in as many,

are their paternal kinsmen purified after their marriage:

73. Let them eat vegetable food without factitious, that is, only with native, salt; let them bathe for 'three days at intervals; let them taste no flesh'meat; and let them sleep apart on the ground.

74. This rule, which ordains impurity by reason of the dead, relates to the case of one dying near ' his kinsmen; but, in the case of one dying at a distance, the following rule must be observed by those, 'who share the same cake, and by those, who share only the same water:

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75. The man, who hears that a kinsman is dead in a distant country, becomes unclean, if ten days ' after the death have not passed, for the remainder ' of those ten days only;

76.

But, if the ten days have elapsed, he is impure 'for three nights, and, if a year have expired, he is purified merely by touching water.

77. If, after the lapse of ten days, he know the ' death of a kinsman, or the birth of a male child, 'he must purify himself by bathing together with his ' clothes.

78. Should a child, whose teeth are not grown, or should a samánódaca, die in a distant region, the kinsman,

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