Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and BangaliCambridge University Press, 2012 M06 7 - 366 páginas The Indo-Aryan language family is a branch of the Indo-European phylum, and includes Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Kashmiri and Gujarati. First published in 1875, this three-volume comparative grammar of the family was written by the British civil servant John Beames (1837-1902). From 1866 he spent twelve years in India, during which he gathered data for what he intended to be the first comprehensive and accurate Indo-Aryan grammar. Volume 2 focuses on nouns and pronouns. It begins by looking at the stems and suffixes that form Indo-Aryan nouns, and compares their systems of inflection for gender, number, possession and case. It moves on to explore their pronoun systems, showing how they operate in terms of interrogatives, reciprocals, indefinites and demonstratives, and how person is expressed. Beames' findings remain central to the work of general linguists, grammarians and language typologists. |
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Términos y frases comunes
ablative added addition adjective anuswara appears becomes Bengali common compound consonant construction derived dialects distinction dropped ending examples existence express extended fact feminine fig final find first formation former frequently further gender genitive give given Gujarati Hindi Indian indicate instances latter lengthened locative Marathi masc masculine meaning merely modern languages natural neuter nominative nouns numerous objective oblique form occurs older origin Oriya Panjabi particles perhaps Persian person plural possession practice Prakrit preceded present probably pronoun referred regarded regular rejected respect rest retain root rule Sanskrit seems sense separate short shortened similar simple Sindhi Sing singular speech stem substantive sufiix suflix syllable taken termination traces usual verb vowel wife words writes written