3. The marriage customs of the Russians are very different ours. 4. He says that he shall be back in an hour; but we cannot wait him. 5. Admiral Dewey remained Manila Bay. his victory the Philippines a year after 6. The conspirators confided the execution of their plot the youngest of their number. 7. We arrived Paris in the evening. stayed the Hotel Normandie. that city we that of others 8. He who compares his own condition will find that he has many reasons for thinking himself fortunate. 243. How to Parse Prepositions.-To parse a preposition one must give— (1) Its object. (2) The construction of the phrase which it introduces. EXERCISE 207. Parse the prepositions in Exercise 196. CHAPTER X OF CONJUNCTIONS A Conjunction is a word used to connect sentences, phrases, or words (90). Conjunctions must be carefully distinguished from prepositions and relative pronouns, which are also connecting words. A preposition introduces a modifying phrase; a relative pronoun stands for a noun with which it connects a modifying clause; a conjunction merely connects sentences, phrases, or words that have the same grammatical construction. Sometimes a conjunction is used at the beginning of a paragraph to connect it with what precedes. 66 The most important conjunctions are: “and," as,” “although,” "though," because," "but," "for," however," "if," "lest," "nevertheless," "nor," 'or," "since," "still," "than," "that," "therefore," "wherefore," 'whether," "unless,” “yet.” 66 244. Classification of Conjunctions.-Conjunctions may be arranged in two general classes:— (1) Coördinating Conjunctions, which connect words, phrases, or independent sentences: as, "Sink or swim;" "By the people and for the people;' "I ran fast, but I missed the train." 99 66 (2) Subordinating Conjunctions, which introduce dependent clauses: as, “I came because you called me; Guy is older than Lewis [is];" "Galileo taught that the earth moves;" rains, we shall all go." "Unless it Conjunctions 245. Correlative Conjunctions. are sometimes used in pairs, the first of the pair indicating that something will presently be added: as, "His conduct was neither wise nor just;" "Both John and Henry may go with you." Definition.-Conjunctions used in pairs are called Correlative Conjunctions. The most common correlative conjunctions are: "both and," "either—or," "neither-nor," “whether—or," "not only-but also." When conjunctions are used as correlatives, as "both-and," "either-or," each of the correlated words should be so placed as to indicate clearly what ideas are to be connected in thought. This principle is violated in “He not only visited Paris, but Berlin also." In this sentence the position of "not only" before the verb "visited" leads one to expect some corresponding verb in the second part of the sentence; in fact, however, the two connected words are "Paris" and "Berlin;" "visited" applies to both. This meaning is clearly indicated by putting "not only" before "Paris:" thus, "He visited not only Paris, but Berlin also." As a rule, the word after the first correlative should be the same part of speech as the word after, the second correlative. 246. Phrasal Conjunctions.-The following expressions are best parsed as Phrasal Conjunctions: 247. How to Parse Conjunctions.-To parse a conjunction we must tell (1) Its class. (2) What it connects. EXERCISE 208. 1. Review Exercises 93 and 94. 2. Parse the conjunctions in Exercise 196. CHAPTER XI OF INTERJECTIONS AN Interjection is a word used as a sudden expression of feeling, but not forming part of a sentence (91). 248. Classification of Interjections.-Interjections may be arranged in three general classes:I. Simple Interjections, which are never anything else than "hurrah!" interjections: as, "Oh!" "eh!" pooh!" "psha!" "tut!" 66 2. Secondary Interjections, which are other parts of speech used as interjections: as, "Mercy!" "farewell!" 66 nonsense!" 3. Phrasal Interjections, which are groups of words used as single interjections: as, "Goodness gracious!" EXERCISE 209. Point out the interjections in Exercise 67. |