division of the subject, shall include special reference to effects of alcohol, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system. (Pages 11-12.) * . * NOTE 4 (by superintendent of public instruction).-It is the intention of the law that the study of physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effects of alcoholic stimulants, narcotics, and poisonous substances, shall have at least equal rank with and be considered of as great importance as other branches of study. (Page 12.) SEC. 2737. Certificate-revocation. * * * The superintendent shall revoke the certificate of any teacher who shall fail or neglect to comply with the provisions of law relating to the teaching of physiology and hygiene, and such teacher shall be disqualified for teaching in any public school for one year thereafter. (Pages 12, 14.) SEC. 2739. Reports.—The county superintendent shall annually, on the first Tuesday in October, make a report to the superintendent of public instruction, giving a full abstract of the several reports made to him by the secretaries and treasurers of school boards, stating the manner in and extent to which the requirements of the law regarding instruction in physiology and hygiene are observed, and such other matters as he may be directed by the State superintendent to include therein, or he may think important in showing the actual condition of the schools in his county. * * * (Page 16.). SEC. 2740. Enforcing laws.-The county superintendent shall see that all provisions of the school law, so far as it relates to the schools or school officers within his county, are observed and enforced, specially those relating to the fencing of schoolhouse grounds with barb wire and the introduction and teaching of such divisions of physiology and hygiene as relate to the effects of alcohol, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system, and to this end he may require the assistance of the county attorney, who shall at his request bring any action necessary to enforce the law or recover penalties incurred. [21 G. A., ch. 1, § 2; 20 G. A., ch. 103, § 2.] (Page 17.) Board of directors. SEC. 2775. Instruction as to stimulants, narcotics, and poisons.-It shall require all teachers to give and all scholars to receive instruction in physiology and hygiene, which study in every division of the subject shall include the effects upon the human system of alcoholic stimulants, narcotics, and poisonous substances. The instruction in this branch shall, of its kind, be as direct and specific as that given in other essential branches, and each scholar shall be required to complete the part of such study in his class or grade before being advanced to the next higher, and before being credited with having completed the study of the subject. [21 G. A., ch. 1.] (Pages 45-6.) NOTES by superintendent of public instruction: SEC. 2775. 1. This study must begin in the lowest primary class. In what grade or class it shall be completed is to be determined by the board. 2. Primary classes must be instructed orally, as the children are not old enough to use or comprehend a book. But this oral instruction must be outlined as a course and adopted by each board. (Page 45.) KANSAS. [From School Laws of Kansas, 1901 (page 75).] SEC. 206. Examination of teachers in physiology and hygiene.-No certificate shall be granted to any person to teach in any of the public schools of this State after the 1st day of January, 1886, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in the elements of physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effects of alcohol stimulants and narcotics upon the human system; and provision shall be made by the proper officers, committees, and boards for instructing all pupils in each public school supported by public money and under State control upon the aforesaid topics. (Laws, 1885, ch. 169, sec. 1; Gen. Stat., 1889, sec. 5667.) KENTUCKY. [From Kentucky Common School Laws, 1900 (page 15).] SEC. 21. Course of study.-The instruction prescribed by the board shall embrace spelling, reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar, English composition, geography, physiology and hygiene, civil government, United States history, and the history of Kentucky. After July 1, 1893, the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics upon the human system shall, in all schools supported wholly or in part by the State, be taught as thoroughly as other required studies to all pupils studying physiology and hygiene as a part of this branch. LOUISIANA. [From State School Law approved July 10, 1902.] SEC. 23. Be it further enacted, etc., That the branches of orthography, reading, writing, drawing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, United States history, the laws of health, including the evil effects of alcohol and narcotics, shall be taught in every district. (Page 21.) * * * Grades of certificates. SEC. 51. Be it further enacted, etc., That to obtain a third-grade certificate the applicant must be found competent to teach spelling, reading, penmanship, drawing, arithmetic, English grammar, geography, the history of the United States, the Constitution of the United States, the constitution of the State of Louisiana, physiology, and hygiene with special reference to the effects of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system, and the theory and art of teaching. (Page 29.) ΜΑΙΝΕ. [From Maine School Laws, 1901.] Powers and duties of superintending school committees and superintendents. SEC. 87. II. On satisfactory evidence that a candidate possesses a good moral character and a temper and disposition suitable to be an instructor of youth, they shall examine him in reading, spelling, English grammar, geography, history, arithmetic, bookkeeping, civics, and physiology with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system; (Pages 22-3.) * * *. III. * * * No certificate shall be granted any person to teach in the public schools of this State after the fourth day of July, eighteen hundred and eightyfive, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system. (Page-23.) V. They shall make provisions for instructing all pupils in all schools supported by public money, or under State control, in physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system. (Pages 23-4.) MARYLAND. [From the School Laws of Maryland, to January session, 1902 (page 19). 1886, ch. 495.] 40. The nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, with special instruction as to their effects upon the human system. in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be included in the branches of study taught in the common schools, and shall be taught to and studied by all pupils whose capacity will admit of it, in all departments of the public schools of the State, and in all educational institutions supported wholly or in part by money from the State; and the said study shall be taught to and studied by said pupils in said schools as thoroughly and in the same manner as other like branches are there taught and studied, with text-books in the hands of pupils, where other like branches are thus studied; and said text-books must be published, printed, and sold in the State of Maryland. 41. It shall be the duty of boards of county school commissioners and of the board of commissioners of public schools of Baltimore city, county examiners, superintendents of public schools of Baltimore city, and boards of all educational institutions receiving aid from the State, to enforce the provisions of the preceding section. MASSACHUSETTS. [From the Revised Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts relating to Public Instruction, 1902.] Public schools. SECTION 1. Every city and town shall maintain, for at least thirty-two weeks in each year, a sufficient number of schools for the instruction of all the children who may legally attend a public school therein, except that in towns whose assessed valuation is less than two hundred thousand dollars, the required period may, with the consent of the board of education, be reduced to twenty-eight weeks. Such schools shall be taught by teachers of competent ability and good morals, and shall give instruction in orthography, reading, writing, the English language and grammar, geography, arithmetic, drawing, the history of the United States, physiology and hygiene, and good behavior. In each of the subjects of physiology and hygiene special instruction as to the effects of alcoholic drinks and of stimulants and narcotics on the human system shall be taught as a regular branch of study to all pupils in all schools which are supported wholly or partly by public money, except schools which are maintained solely for instruction in particular branches. [Revised Laws, chapter 42.] (Page 11.) ** * School attendance.a * * SECTION 1. Every child between seven and fourteen years of age shall attend some public day school in the city or town in which he resides during the entire time the public day schools are in session. * The attendance of a child upon a public day school shall not be required if he has attended for a like period of time a private day school approved by the school committee of such city or town in accordance with the provisions of the following section, or if he has been otherwise instructed for a like period of time in the branches of learning required by law to be taught in the public schools, or if he has already acquired such branches of learning. * * (Pages 25-6.) SEC. 2. For the purposes of the preceding section, school committees shall approve a private school only when the instruction in all the studies required by law is in the English language, and when they are satisfied that such instruction equals in thoroughness and efficiency and in the progress made therein the instruction in the public schools in the same city or town; [R. L., ch. 44.] (Page 26.) * * * a The requirements of the school attendance law virtually compel the private schools of the State to adopt instruction in scientific temperance. Otherwise attendance upon them will not be accepted as an equivalent for the compulsory period required in the law. MICHIGAN. [From the General School Laws of Michigan, 1901.] (58.) § 4680. SEC. 15. The district board shall specify the studies to be pursued in the schools of the district [districts], and in addition to the branches in which instruction is now required by law to be given in the public schools of the State, instruction shall be given in physiology and hygiene, with a special reference to the nature of alcohol and narcotics and their effects upon the human system. Such instruction shall be given by the aid of text-books in the case of pupils who are able to read, and as thoroughly as in other studies pursued in the same school. The text-books to be used for such instruction shall give at least one-fourth of their space to the consideration of the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and the books used in the highest grade of graded schools shall contain at least twenty pages of matter relating to this subject. Text-books used in giving the foregoing instructions shall first be approved by the State board of education. Each school board making a selection of text-books under the provisions of this act shall make a record thereof in their proceedings, and text-books once adopted under the provisions of this act shall not be changed within five years, except by the consent of a majority of the qualified voters of the district present at an annual meeting, or at a special meeting called for that purpose. The district board shall require each teacher in the public schools of such district before placing the school register in the hands of the directors [director], as provided in section thirteen of this act, to certify therein whether or not instruction has been given in the school or grade presided over by such teacher, as required by this act, and it shall be the duty of the director of the district to file with the township clerk a certified copy of such certificate. Any school board neglecting or refusing to comply with any of the provisions of this act shall be subject to fine or forfeiture the same as for neglect of any other duty pertaining to their office. This act shall apply to all schools in the State, including schools in cities or villages, whether incorporated under special charter or under the general laws. 1887.] (Pages 20-1.) Miscellaneous provisions relative to education and the schools. [Act 165, AN ACT to regulate the uniformity of and to provide free school text-books in public schools throughout the State, and the distribution of the same, and to repeal all statutes and acts contravening the provisions of this act. (153.) § 4775. SECTION 1. The people of the State of Michigan enact, that from and after June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, each school board of the State shall purchase, when authorized, as hereinafter provided, the text-books used by the pupils of the schools in its district in each of the following subjects, to wit: Orthography, spelling, writing, reading, geography, arithmetic, grammar (including language lessons), national and State history, civil government, and physiology and hygiene; but text-books once adopted under the provisions of this act shall not be changed within five years: Provided, That the text-book on the subject of physiology and hygiene must be approved by the State board of education, and shall in every way comply with section fifteen of act number one hundred and sixty-five of the public acts of eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, approved June ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven: And provided further, That all text-books used in any school district shall be uniform in any one subject. [Act 147, 1889.] (Pages 53-4.) Certain text-books, etc., duty of the board relating thereto. (256.) § 1827. SEC. 16. The said board shall examine all text-books in physiology and hygiene offered for use in the public schools of this State, and approve those only which comply with the law relative to the space required to be devoted to the consideration of the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, as provided in act one hundred and sixty-four of the public acts of eighteen hundred and eighty-seven. (Page 90.) * * * NOTE. The act of 1887 referred to is act 165 instead of 164. It amends sec. 15, ch. 3, of the general laws of 1881 relative to public instruction, and will be found in section 4580. See Comp., section 58, ante. MINNESOTA. [From Laws of Minnesota Relating to the Public School System, 1901 (page 111).] § 365 (1894, § 3892). In physiology and hygiene.-It shall be the duty of the boards of education and trustees in charge of schools and educational institutions supported in whole or in part by public funds to make provision for systematic and regular instruction in physiology and hygiene, including special reference to the effects of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system. § 366 (1894, §§ 3893, 3894). Teachers to be examined and give instruction in.—It shall be the duty of all teachers in public schools of the State to give systematic and regular instruction in physiology and hygiene, including special reference to the effects of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system; and any neglect or refusal on the part of such teachers to provide instruction as aforesaid shall be deemed sufficient cause for annulling his or her certificate by the county superintendent or other competent officer. No certificate shall be granted any person to teach in the public schools of this State * * * who has not passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system. It is for the board of education, in a fair endeavor to observe the requirements of the law, and subject, of course, to your review, to determine to what extent, in what grades, and by what means instruction upon the subjects named shall be imparted. (Attorney General Childs to State Superintendent, June 4, 1895.) § 367 (1894, § 3895). Duty of county superintendent.-It shall be the duty of the county superintendent of schools to report to the superintendent of public instruction any failure or neglect on the part of any board of education or trustees of a school or institution receiving aid in whole or in part from the State to make provision for the instruction aforesaid, and such failure or neglect being satisfactorily proven by the county superintendent or by other persons, it shall be sufficient warrant upon which the superintendent of public instruction may withhold the apportionment of the current school fund from such district; provided, that not more than one-fourth of said apportionment shall be withheld upon the first offense, one-third upon the second, and one-half upon any subsequent offense. The withholding of an apportionment is a harsh measure and should not be inflicted upon a district unless it is obvious that the infraction has been willful. (Childs, May 13, 1895.) § 368 (1894, § 3896). Text-book.-The superintendent of public instruction and the presidents of the normal schools of this State are directed to recommend some suitable text-book, and to furnish the same at cost to the seɣeral school districts of this State, for the study of physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system. MISSISSIPPI. [From School Laws of Mississippi, 1900 (pages 27, 43).] Examination of teachers. SEC. 4022. To obtain a first-grade license the applicant must be examined on spelling, reading, practical and mental arithmetic, geography, English grammar and composition, United States history, history of Mississippi, elements of natural philosophy, civil government, elements of physiology and hygiene with special |