and for the whole world, than that she may find other Washingtons to rule her empire, other Hamiltons to guide her councils-to wean her from mad dreams of ambition, conquest, and aggrandizement, and bring her back to the happier domain of law and liberty, civilization and peace.

Meanwhile, the curse of civil war which has fallen upon the great republic-traceable in its causes to that uncontrolled licence of the democracy, which has substituted mere self-will and caprice for knowledge, experience, and wisdom-may serve as a warning and a lesson to other nations and people. It may teach the remaining colonies of Great Britain to be slow in breaking the "golden link of the crown" which binds them to the mother-country, until they have secured for themselves institutions firm enough and strong enough to resist the strain of popular violence. It may teach those nations of Europe, which are struggling manfully to obtain the old English privileges of free thought, free speech, and just and equal government, to base the rights thus acquired on the broad ground of practical and constitutional liberty, not on any fanciful application of democratic theories. Above all, it may and must teach the people of England, to be content with the

manifold blessings they enjoy, and not to risk them by rash experiments. More devotedly than ever shall we guard that time-honoured Throne,

-Whose deep foundations lie

In veneration and the people's love;

Whose steps are equity, whose seat is law.”

And because we know, that it can never be maintained by cold calculations of utility, we shall cherish those sentiments of loyalty and personal attachment which unite the highest with the lowest in joy and sorrow-as when, of late, the death of an illustrious prince cast a shadow over every English home, and the arrival of a royal bride made a holiday round every English hearth. In the same temper, we shall grudge no mark of reasonable deference and respect to that ancient Nobility, which, mingling in all the pursuits of daily life, and constantly recruited from the ranks below it, exists amongst us, not as an effete and obsolete order, but as a real power in the state, balancing the two extremes. Nor shall we fail to support that National Church, which, by its wise moderation, has saved us alike from the gloom of infidelity on the one side, and the wild extravagance of religious fanaticism on the other— confiding the care of our parishes, not to bigoted

priests or ignorant zealots, but to kindly and educated gentlemen, good fathers of families, for the most part models of a Christian life, and centres of civilization in their several neighbourhoods. And, along with these venerable institutions, we shall study to uphold the dignity of the Commons' House of Parliament, and resist every attempt to establish the brute force of numbers, in place of the virtual representation of the spirit and intelligence of the country. In a word, we shall cling faster than before to the old laws, the old franchises, the old customs of England; and, by so doing, we shall best preserve that glorious inheritance of freedom, which we have derived from a long line of patriots and statesmen, and which I trust in God we shall transmit unimpaired to distant generations,

INDEX.

ADAMS, JOHN, recommends Washington as commander-in-chief, 18;
exults in the Declaration of Independence, 34; minister at the
English Court, 173; returns home, 242; his character, 243, 246;
elected Vice-President, 247; re-elected, 301; elected President,
362; retains the late cabinet, 366; sends a special mission to
France, 369; prepares for war, 371; jealous of Hamilton, 379;
renews diplomatic relations with France, 382; denounces Hamilton
and his friends, 391; refuses to be present at the inauguration of
his successor, 403; his death, 435.

AMES, FISHER, Supports Hamilton's financial scheme, 267; predicts
the fall of the Federalist party, 392.

ANDRÉ, MAJOR, captured on his return from an interview with
Arnold, 84; condemned as a spy, 87; his relations with Hamilton,
89, 91; his melancholy fate, 92, 93.

ARNOLD, BENEDICT, renders good service at Saratoga, 48; poorly
requited, 78; considers himself wronged, 79; obtains the com-
mand of West Point, 80; carries on a treasonable correspondence
with the enemy, 81; finds himself discovered, and flies, 82.
ASGILL, CAPTAIN, selected by lot for execution, 114; saved by the
representations of the Court of France, 115.

BACHE'S AURORA, its remarks on the retirement of Washington, 363.
BARRAS, M. his insolent message to America, 367.

BAYARD, MR. induced by Hamilton to vote for Jefferson rather than
Burr, 403.

BOWDOIN, James, suppresses the insurrection in Massachusetts, 175.
BRADDOCK, GENERAL, his unfortunate campaign, 10, 12.
BRADFORD, WILLIAM, becomes Attorney-General, 333.
BURGOYNE, GENERAL, forced to capitulate at Saratoga, 48.
BURR, AARON, his birth, education, and character, 163, 165;
compared with Hamilton, 166, 171; elected to the senate, 297;
his policy, 298; candidate for the Presidency, 362; ties with
Jefferson, 394; elected Vice-President, 406; candidate for the
governorship of New York, 407; challenges Hamilton, 409; his
obduracy, 410, 416; his conduct on the ground, 421; his subse-
quent adventures and death, 426, 430,

CALLENDER, a libeller by profession, 337.

CHATHAM, LORD, expresses admiration of the First Congress, 6.

CHOISEUL, DUKE DE, sends agents to the American colonies, with a
view to detach them from England, 58.

CLINTON, GOVERNOR, letter from Hamilton to him, 56: opposes
the Constitution, 227; candidate at the presidential election, 247.
CLINTON, SIR HENRY, withdraws from Philadelphia to New York,
60; attacked near Monmouth Court House, 61; demands the
release of André, 86; obliged to act wholly on the defensive,

112.

CONWAY, GENERAL, plots against Washington, who discovers the
intrigue, 53.

CORNWALLIS, LORD, defeats General Gates, 95; blockaded in York-
town, 106; makes a desperate attempt to escape, 109; capitu-
lates to the allied armies, 110.

CURTIS, GEORGE TICKNOR, extracts from his work on the "History
of the Constitution," 96, 137, 182, 214, 227, 234.

CUSTIS, MARTHA, married to Washington, 13; worthy of her husband
366; her sense of his loss, 386.

D'ARCON, CHEVALIER, his batteries destroyed before Gibraltar, 112.
D'ESTAING, COUNT, arrives with a French fleet to assist the
Americans, 66; insulted by their officers, but appeased by
Hamilton, 67.

DICKINSON, JOHN, delegate to the Convention from Delaware, 181.
EDWARDS, JONATHAN, grandfather to Aaron Burr, 163.

FAIRFAX, LORD, the early friend and patron of Washington, 9.
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, his remarks on Braddock's defeat, 12;
member of the Convention, 179; his character, 180; his last
speech, 209; influence of his name, 226.

FRENEAU, PHILIP, editor of the National Gazette, 292; declares he
is acting independently, 295; incites the people in favour of
France, 304.

GAGE, GENERAL, orders the seizure of the stores at Concord, 6.
GATES, HORATIO, Adjutant-General to the American army, 20;
supersedes Schuyler, 45; gains the victory of Saratoga, 48; his
presumption, 49; made President of the Board of War, 54;
defeated by Lord Cornwallis, 95.

GENET, CITIZEN, arrives at Charleston, 306; his designs, 307; his
insolence, 312, 327; quarrels with Jefferson, 330, 332; recalled
from his mission, 333.

GEORGE III., represents the opinions of the majority of the British
nation, 94; acknowledges the independence of America, 120.
GERRY, ÉLBRIDGE, one of the commissioners to France, 369.
GRASSE, COUNT DE, arrives with a French fleet and army at York
River, 106.

GREENE, NATHANIEL, joins the army before Boston, 23; first notices
Hamilton, 26; his successes in South Carolina, 112.

HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, his birth and education, 27, 30; first
political essays, 31; noticed by General Greene, 32; introduced