man of the City of New York, 1698, reprinted in Collectanea Adamantæa, XXIII; Clarendon Papers in New York Historical Society, Collections, 1869; Catholic Historical Researches, II and following; John Miller, Description of the Province and City of New York in 1695, reprinted in the Library of American Literature, II, 209. Many interesting papers will be found in the last-named collection, and extracts of some documents are in Higginson, Explorers. — For Zenger's trial, see A Brief Narrative of the Case and Tryal of John Peter Zenger, N.Y., 1738; Howell, State Trials, XVII; Chandler, Criminal Trials, I, 151 - For the Negro Plot of 1741, see Daniel Horsmanden, The New York Conspiracy, or a History of the Negro Plot, N.Y., 1810; Chandler, Criminal Trials, I, 211.- For the controversies over the boundaries of New York, see Report of the Regents of the University on the Boundaries of the State of New York, Albany, 1874; Daniel J. Pratt, compiler, Report on the Boundaries (a continuation of the above), Albany, 1884; Report of the Commissioners to ascertain and settle the Boundary Line between the States of New York and Connecticut, Albany, 1861; Report of the Regents' Boundary Commission upon the New York and Pennsylvania Boundary, Albany, 1886.

Bibliography. - Winsor, America, III, 410-415; V, 240-242.

§ 106. New Jersey.

Summary. — 1664 and 1674, Grants to Berkeley and Carteret; was the jurisdiction also granted? 1664, The Nicoll colonists. — The "Concessions.”—1665, Settlement under Philip Carteret. -1672, Insurrection. - Disputes with the governors of New York. 1673, Berkeley sells his share. — 1675-1701, The Friends in West Jersey; form of government, etc.—1682-83, Penn and others acquire East Jersey from the Carteret estate. — 1702, New Jersey a royal province under the same governor as New York. 1738, Separated from New York. —1702–60, Material develop

ment.

General. Lodge, English Colonies, 263-272; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, II, 472-480; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), II, 315-319, 359-363, 410-414; III, 47-50; (last revision), I, 520-524; II, 31-33, 342; Hildreth, United States, II, 51-61, 207, 357, 361.

§ 107.]

New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

261

Special. Wm. A. Whitehead, in Winsor, America, III, 420-449, and Fernow, in ibid., V, 217-222; Whitehead, East Jersey under the Proprietary Government, and Contributions to East Jersey History. See other works enumerated under New Jersey in §§ 23 and 29; the comprehensive histories of Pennsylvania, such as the work of Proud, contain material relating to New Jersey.

Sources. Samuel Smith, History of the Colony of Nova-Caesaria, or New Jersey to 1721, reprinted in 1877; Leaming and Spicer, Grants, concessions, etc., reprinted in 1884; the New Jersey Archives, edited by Whitehead. - Among separate documents may be noted George Scot, The Model of the Government of East New Jersey, 1685, reprinted in New Jersey Historical Society, Collections, I; Gabriel Thomas, An Historical Description of East New Jersey, 1698, reprinted in 1848. See also § 29.

Bibliography. - Winsor, America, III and V.

§ 107. Settlement of Pennsylvania.

Summary. -1623-64, The Dutch and Swedes on the west side of Delaware Bay and River. — 1664-81, The SwedishDutch settlements under the English. — Population in 1664 and 1681. — Influence of the early Swedish colonists on the development of the English colonies. — George Fox, the Friends or Quakers and their opinions. - William Penn, his early life and conversion; his connection with the colonization of New Jersey. -1681, The Pennsylvania Charter, and the releases of the counties on the Delaware.-Rights of jurisdiction conferred. The clause as to religion.-Boundary disputes (1) with the proprietaries of Maryland, the agreement of 1732, Mason and Dixon Line; (2) disputes with Connecticut, the Susquehanna controversy; (3) disputes with New York; (4) the western boundary of Pennsylvania.

General. Lodge, English Colonies, 211-213; George Bancroft, United States, II, 326–397; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, II, 480–498; F. D. Stone, in Winsor, America, III, 469-495; Hildreth, United States, II, 62-75.

Special. - The Swedes: C. B. Keen, in Winsor, America, IV, 443– 488; Vincent, History of Delaware. The Friends: S. M. Janney, History of the Society of Friends; Evans, History of the Friends.—Wm. Penn: Janney, Life of Penn; Clarkson, Memoirs of Penn; Dixon, Life of Penn (issued by Society of Friends). — Macaulay's charges against Penn are contained in his History of England, Chs. v, vii, and viii. For a defense of Penn against these charges see Janney's and Dixon's biographies of Penn; W. E. Foster, William Penn and T. B. Macaulay; Paget, Inquiry into the Evidence, etc.; and other works mentioned in Note 3 to Winsor, America, III, 506. — For a very hostile view of Penn, see a paper by Dr. Archer, in Maryland Historical Society, Fund Publications, No. XX. The history of the southern boundary is traced from a Pennsylvanian point of view in Graham's Report on Mason and Dixon Line, and by J. Veech in his essay on Mason and Dixon's Line.

Histories of Pennsylvania: Robert Proud, Pennsylvania; Gordon, Pennsylvania; Bowden, History of Friends in America, Vol. II; Egle, An Illustrated History of Pennsylvania; George Smith, History of Delaware County. See also §§ 23, 25, 29.

Sources. - Votes of the Assembly; Hazard, Pennsylvania Archives; Minutes of the Council; The Duke of York's Laws; Bioren, Laws of Pennsylvania; Dallas, Laws of Pennsylvania; the Charter of Pennsylvania and the "Concessions" are in Charters and Constitutions, II, 1509-1516. See also Armstrong's edition of Thomas Budd, Good Order Established in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 1685. — For the Swedes, see Keen, in Winsor, America, IV, 489 and following; Acrelius, History of New Sweden, translated by Reynolds and printed by the Pennsylvania Historical Society; Du Ponceau's translation of Holm, Description of the Province of New Sweden, now called Pennsylvania; Records of the Court of Upland. — The Friends: Besse, Sufferings of the People called Quakers; Sewel, History of the Quakers. See also § 23 under Delaware and Pennsylvania.

Bibliography.-F. D. Stone, in Winsor, America, III, 495-516. The authorities on the southern boundary dispute are enumerated in ibid., p. 513. See also Maryland Historical Society, Fund Publications, No. XV.

§ 108.]

Pennsylvania and Delaware.

§ 108. Pennsylvania and Delaware, 1685-1760.

263

Summary. 1692-94, The government of Pennsylvania administered by the crown. 1694, Penn restored. — 1681-1700, The early frames of government and the constitutional history of Pennsylvania. — 1701, The Charter of Privileges, its leading provisions, and its history.—Contest with the proprietaries as to taxation. — 1685-1760, Constitutional history of Delaware.

General. - Lodge, English Colonies, 213-226; Fernow, in Winsor, America, V, 208-217; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, III, 170–191; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), II, 397–404; III, 35–46; (last revision), II, 24-30, 341; Hildreth, United States, II, 171, 172, 183, 186, 205-207, 242-245, 260, 320, 321, 342-345.

Special. The works noted in §§ 23 and 107; biographies and works of Franklin noted in §§ 25 and 32. For the contest with the Connecticut grantees, see [Anon.], The Susquehannah Title; the histories of Wyoming and Luzern County noted in § 23; and the comprehensive histories of Pennsylvania, § 23. Interesting material on the general subject of the Pennsylvania land system will be found in W. J. Buck, The Indian Walk; S. W. Pennypacker, Hendrich Pennebecker, Surveyor of Lands for the Penns; and in the works no ted in §§ 23 and 32.

Sources. The Frames of Government and the charter of 1701 are in Charters and Constitutions, II, 1518, and following. See also the collections of laws and documents mentioned in § 28; the Penn and Logan Correspondence, in Pennsylvania Historical Society, Memoirs, IX and X; [Anon.], A True and Impartial State of the Province of Pennsylvania; W. Smith, A Brief State of the Province of Pennsylvania ; Cross, Answer to a Brief State; Gabriel Thomas, Account of the Province and Country of Pennsylvania, 1698, reprinted in 1848, also in Library of American Literature, II, 210.

Bibliography.

Winsor, in his America, V, 242–249.

Summary.

XII. NEW ENGLAND.

§ 109. New England before 1620.

Identifications of the places described in the sagas. -The story of Norumbega.—1602-14, English, Dutch, and French explorers. — 1607, The Popham colony, its influence on the history of America. — 1614, Captain John Smith's voyage along the coast; his map.

General. — Gay, Bryant's Popular History, I, 262-268, 327; J. G. Palfrey, History of New England, I, 51-100; Compendious History of New England, I, 4−7, 16; Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 14-23; Barry, Massachusetts, I, 1–30; Hildreth, United States, I, 90.

Special. B. F. DeCosta, in Winsor, America, III, 172–184; Winsor in ibid., III, 209.— For the Dutch voyages, see § 104; for the French explorations, see §§ 87 and 89; for the early English explorers, see §§ 94 and 96. References to the voyages of the Northmen are noted in § 81. See also the comprehensive histories of the New England States noted in § 23.

Sources. A Voyage to Sagadahoc, and other documents, in Massachusetts Historical Society, Proceedings, First Series, XVIII, 82; [Anon.], The Relation of a Voyage into New England, 1607, printed by the Gorges Society, with other material, as The Sagadahoc Colony, Portland, Me., 1892. — For Smith's voyage, see Smith, Description, in Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, Third Series, VI, 95; Force, Tracts, II; Arber, English Scholar's Library, XVI, 175–232; Deane's edition of Smith, New England's Trials.

Bibliography. Winsor, America, III, 211, and Memorial History of Boston, I, 50.

Summary.

§ 110. The English Puritans.

-

The Reformation in England. - Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity as amended by subsequent acts. The Church of England of Elizabeth and Whitgift. — The English Roman Catholics. The Puritan Non-Conformists and Separatists.