§ 102.]

ince..

The Protestant Episcopal Church established by law. 1715, The Baltimores restored. — Religion in Maryland in 1760. Population, exports, etc.

General. — Gay, Bryant's Popular History, I, 510-516; Doyle, Virginia, 277-313; Lodge, English Colonies, 93-109; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), I, 255-285; III, 30-34; (last revision), I, 155– 176, 437-441; II, 20-23; Hildreth, United States, I, 353-367, 564-572; II, 92.

Special. The histories of Maryland mentioned in § 100. On the Roman Catholic side see R. H. Clark in the Catholic World, December, 1875, and October 3, 1883, and Mr. Gladstone and Maryland Toleration; Catholic Historical Researches; B. T. Johnson, Maryland Historical Society, Fund Publications, No. 18. On the other side, see Streeter, Maryland Two Hundred Years Ago; G. L. Davis, Day-Star of American Freedom; Neill, in Contemporary Review for September, 1876, and Maryland not a Roman Catholic Colony; Gladstone, Vaticanism. See, also, George Petrie, Church and State in Maryland, in Johns Hopkins University, Studies, X, No. 4.

Sources.- See 100, especially the Calvert Papers and the Maryland Archives. The Toleration Act is in Bacon's Laws of Maryland, under the date; an extract is printed in Justin Winsor's America, III, 534. See, also, Virginia and Maryland, or the Lord Baltimore's printed case, uncased and answered in Force, Tracts, II; Letters of the Jesuit Fathers, in H. Soley, Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus; J. Hammond, Leah and Rachel, reprinted in Force's Tracts, III.

Bibliography. Winsor, America, III, 560, 561, especially the note by the editor on page 560. For further references as to the religious beliefs of the early settlers, see Lodge, English Colonies, 120, note 4.

§ 102. The Carolinas.

Summary. 1629-31, Grant to Sir Robert Heath of Carolana.— Early attempts at colonization. — 1663, Grant to Clarendon and associates of Carolina. — 1665, Another charter to the same grantees. 1669, The Fundamental Constitutions. settlements under these grants. — 1680, Charleston founded. Character of the proprietary government: society, religion, educa

Early

tion, industries.

ernment.

- 1719–21, Overthrow of the proprietary gov1729–31, Carolina divided and sold to the King. — The royal government. — Population, education, religion, slavery, and society in 1760.

General. - Wm. J. Rivers, in Winsor, America, V, 285-334; Doyle, Virginia, 328-380; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, II, 268-289; Lodge, English Colonies, 142-169; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), I, 104-126; II, 128–187; III, 13–24; (last revision), I, 408–436; II, 913, 340; Hildreth, United States, II, 25-43, 211-215, 228-233, 267, 276, 285-293, 336-340.

Special. Hewatt's South Carolina and Georgia in Carroll, Historical Collections of South Carolina, I; Rivers, Sketch of the History of South Carolina; Ramsay, South Carolina; Martin, South Carolina; Hawks, North Carolina, II; Moore, North Carolina; Bernheim, German Settlements in North and South Carolina; E. L. Whitney, Government in the Colony of South Carolina, in Johns Hopkins University, Studies, XIII, Nos. 1, 2. See also §§ 23, 25, 29.

Sources. Hewatt's South Carolina, and other documents in Carroll, Historical Collections; the documents printed by Hawks and Rivers in their histories; Weston, Documents Connected with the History of South Carolina; Colonial Records of North Carolina; The Charleston YearBooks; Chalmers, Annals (the portions relating to South Carolina are reprinted in Carroll, Historical Collections, II); Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, V; Sainsbury, ibid., VI (the Shaftesbury Papers "). The Carolana patent to Heath is in Colonial Records of North Carolina, I, 5. The Carolina charters are in Charters and Constitutions, II, 1382 and 1390. The "Fundamental Constitutions," edition of 1669, is in ibid., II, 1397, also in Martin, North Carolina, I, p. lxxiii. See also Yonge, A Narrative of the Proceedings of the People of South Carolina in the Year 1719, reprinted by Force, Tracts, II; Purry's Description of the Province of South Carolina is in the same volume.

Bibliography. The footnotes to Rivers's chapter in Winsor, America, as above, and the editor's essay and notes in ibid., V, 335-356; E. L. Whitney, Government in the Colony of South Carolina, in Johns Hopkins University, Studies, XIII, Nos. 1, 2; S. B. Weeks, Historical Literature of North Carolina, in Harvard University Library, Bibliographical Contributions, No. 48.

§ 103.]

The Carolinas and Georgia.

257

§ 103. Georgia.

Summary. J. E. Oglethorpe and the English philanthropists. -Reasons for founding the colony apart from philanthropy. 1732, Charter of Georgia: general grant of power; peculiarities of the charter. Boundaries under the charter; extended in 1763. — 1733, Savannah settled; character of the early colonists. - Military history. — Land system, slavery, government, and religion.-1752, Charter surrendered to the crown.-1752-60, Georgia as a royal province.

General. Charles C. Jones, in Winsor, America, V, 357-392; Lodge, English Colonies, 186–196; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, III, 140-169; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), III, 417-446; (last revision), II, 281-299; Hildreth, United States, II, 362-369, 374385.

Special. C. C. Jones, Georgia, I; Stevens, Georgia. Lives of Oglethorpe have been written by T. M. Harris, Robert Wright, Bruce, and others. See also §§ 23, 25, 29.

Sources. Hewatt's South Carolina and Georgia, in Carroll, Historical Collections, as above; Hugh McCall, History of Georgia, I; Tailfer, and others, A True and Historical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia, 1741, reprinted with other documents in Force's Tracts, I and II. The Georgia charter is in Charters and Constitutions, I, 369. See also Colonial Acts of Georgia, 1755-74; C. C. Jones, editor, A Journal of the Transactions of the Trustees of Georgia; Journal and Letters of Eliza Lucas.

Bibliography. — C. C. Jones, in Winsor, America, V.

XI. MIDDLE COLONIES.

§ 104. New Netherland.

Summary. Early voyages. — 1609, Henry Hudson and his explorations. — 1614, The United Netherland Company. — 1621, The Dutch West India Company; its objects and government. — 1629, The Charter of Privileges to Patroons. — The Dutch and the Indians. Internal affairs. — 1647–64, Governor Stuyvesant; relations with the Swedes and English. — 1664–74, The English conquest. Population, mode of life, industries, etc., in 1664.— Influence of the Dutch on American history. Later history of the patroonships.

General. B. Fernow in Winsor, America, IV, 395-409; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, I, 339-369, 429-449; II, 115–164; Lodge, English Colonies, 285–295; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), II, 256–313; (last revision), I, 475–518; Palfrey, New England, I, 235– 238; Hildreth, United States, I, 136–149, 413–445.

Special. Wm. Smith, History of New York to 1732; E. B. O'Callaghan, New Netherland (3 vols. to 1647); Brodhead, History of New York (Vol. I covers the Dutch period). See also § 23.

Sources. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York (II vols.). Documents relating to the History of the Colony of New York (8 vols.). Read, Henry Hudson (many important original documents in the Appendix); Arber, Henry Hudson, the Navigator; Asher, Henry Hudson (Hakluyt Society, Publications, 1860), also in New York Historical Society, Collections, I, 61–188); Rev. Father Isaac Jogues, S. J., Novum Belgium, 1634-35, reprinted with notes by J. G. Shea. Read's Henry Hudson, abridged and edited by J. Goldschmid is in Clarendon Historical Society, Publications, 1883. On the later history, see New York Historical Society, Collections. De Vries, Korte Historiael, translated in New York Historical Society, Collections, III, 1-136; De Laet, Nieuwe Wereld, translated in New York Historical Society, Collections, New Series, I, 281–315 and II, 373; Van der Donk, Beschrijoinge van

§ 105.]

New York.

259

Niew Nederlant, translated in New York Historical Society, Collections, New Series, I, 125; Meleyn(?), Breeden Roldt Aende Vereenichde Nederlandsche Provintien, translated in New York Historical Society, Collections, New Series, III, 237-283; Wassenaer, Description and First Settlement of New Netherland, reprinted in Collectanea Adamantæa, XXVII; Jasper Dankers and Peter Sluyter, Journal of a Voyage to New York, etc., 1679-80, translated by H. C. Murphy in Memoirs of the Long Island Historical Society; Denton, A Brief Description of New York, 1670, reprinted with notes by Gabriel Furman. The commission to Stuyvesant as governor is in the Historical Magazine, III. For some of these documents see Higginson, American Explorers.

Bibliography.

Winsor, America, IV, 409-432 and 439-442.

§ 105. The English in New York.

Summary. 1664 and 1674, Grants to James, Duke of York. · Governor Nicoll and the Duke of York's Laws. —1683-88, Governor Dongan and the Charter of Liberties. 1689-91, "Leisler's Rebellion." — 1732, Zenger's case. - 1741, The Negro Plot. Population, modes of life, trade, management of the Indians, and character of the royal government in 1760.

General. - Lodge, 295–311; J. A. Stevens, in Justin Winsor, America, III, 385-411; B. Fernow in ibid., V, 189–207; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, II, 319-354; III, 222-253; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), II, 320–326, 405, 415–426; III, 50-65, (last revision), I, 518-527; II, 36-46, 339; Hildreth, United States, I, 445-447; II, 44-57, 76-78, 87, 91, 130, 138–140, 182-187, 192, 200-201, 226, 246, 315, 357-361, 391, 408.

Special. — Smith, New York, I, 50–282, 413-506; Brodhead, New York, Vols. II and III (to 1691) and the works enumerated in §§ 23, 25, 29.

Sources. - The grants to James, Duke of York, are in Charters, pp. 783 and 786. The "Duke of York's Laws" have been reprinted under that title by the State of Pennsylvania, also in New York Historical Society, Collections, I, 307-428. See also on the English conquest Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, V. For Leisler's Rebellion, see the "Leisler Papers" in the New York Historical Society, Fund Collections, I; Chandler, Criminal Trials, I, 255; Letter from a Gentle