Special. B. F. De Costa, Norumbega and its English Explorers, in Winsor, America, III, 169–183; De Costa, in New England Historical and Geneological Register for 1878, p. 76.

Sources. Gosnold: Brereton's and Archer's Narratives, in Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, Third Series, VIII.— Pring : Purchas, Pilgrimes, V, VI. — Weymouth : Rosier's account in Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, Third Series, VIII, and in the Gorges Society volume for 1887; Hakluyt Society's volume entitled: Voyages towards the Northwest; Purchas, Pilgrimes, IV; Major's edition of Strachey, Travail into Virginia. Portions of these documents are given by Higginson in his Explorers, 85-92, 202, 213–221.

Bibliography. De Costa in Winsor, America, III, 184-199 and the "Editorial Notes" in the same volume, pp. 199–218.

§ 97. Virginia to 1624.

Summary. The Virginia charters of 1606, 1609, and 1612.— Limits of Virginia under these charters, powers of government conferred on the grantees, rights of the colonists. — 1607, Jamestown settled. Captain John Smith, his place in the history of Virginia, his reputation as a writer and as a cartographer. - The early years of the colony. - 1611, "Dale's Laws." 1618-19, The English Puritans gain control of the London Company. 1619, Local self-government introduced into Virginia, the first representative assembly in America. 1619, Negro slavery introduced. — 1621, The ordinance. 1622, The massacre. 1624, Charter annulled. - Character of the government of Virginia during the Puritan supremacy in the Company.

General. — Doyle, Virginia, 101-184; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, I, 267-307; Lodge, English Colonies, 1-12; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), I, 133-208; (last revision), I, 99–118; Palfrey, New England, I, 85-100; Compendious History, I, 8-16; Hildreth, United States, I, 94-96, 99–126.

Special. Alexander Brown, Genesis of the United States (to 1616 only); Smith, Virginia; Burk, Virginia, I; Campbell, Introduction to the History of Virginia; Campbell, History of Virginia (the best compendiou's history of the colony); R. Beverly, History and Present State

$97-]

Virginia.

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of Virginia, 1705; Chalmers, Annals; P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century.

...as

Sources. ·John Smith, A True Relation of Such Occurrences .. have happened in Virginia, London, 1608, reprinted with valuable notes by Charles Deane; also in Southern Literary Messenger, Feb., 1845, in Library of American Literature, I, and in American History Leaflets, No. 27; J. Smith, General Historie (both of these are reprinted in Arber's "Student's Series "); John Smith, Map of Virginia, reprinted in Winsor, America, III, 166, and in Deane's edition of the True Relation. As to the credibility of Captain John Smith, see Winsor in his America, III, 161, and note 4; Charles Deane in the Introduction to his edition of the True Relation; Henry Adams in North American Review for 1867 and in Chapters in Erie and Other Essays; C. D. Warner, Life and Writings of Captain John Smith; and Alexander Brown, Genesis of the United States. These are unfavorable to Smith on the other side see W. W. Henry, in Potter's American Monthly and Virginia Historical Society, Proceedings for 1882, and John Fiske in the Atlantic Monthly for 1891.. See also Wingfield, A Discourse of Virginia, reprinted with notes by Deane in Archæologia Americana, IV, 67; Henry Spelman, Relation of Virginia, 1609; A True Declaration of the estate of the Colonie in Virginia. Published by the advise and direction of the Councell of Virginia (1610), reprinted by Force, Tracts, VIII; Ralph Hamor, True Discourse of the Present State of Virginia, 1615; Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, I; Force's Tracts, I and III; Neill, Virginia Company; Neill, Virginia Vetusta; Proceedings of the Virginia Company, 1619–1624, compiled by Conway Robinson and printed in the Virginia Historical Society, Collections, VII, VIII. The records of the Assembly of 1619 are in Wynne and Gilman, Colonial Records of Virginia, Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections for 1857, and in Hening, Statutes at Large of Virginia. The Virginia Charters are in Charters and Constitutions, II, 1888 and following, and in Sabin's edition of Stith, Virginia, Appendix I. Dale's Laws are in Force's Tracts, III, and in Sabin's Stith, Appendix IV. The "The Orders and Constitutions . . . for the better governing of the Company, Anno 1619 and 1620" are in Force's Tracts, III. The "Ordinance of 1621" is in Hening, Statutes, I, 110, and in Preston, Documents, p. 32. Extracts from some of the more important documents are in Higginson, Explorers.

Bibliography. The footnotes to the chapter on Virginia in Winsor, America, III, and bibliographical essay following; also "Note on Smith's Publications" in ibid., p. 211.

§ 98. Virginia, 1624-1688.

Summary.— 1624-29, Character of the government under the crown. — 1629-39, Governor Harvey's administrations; the opposition to him, was it justifiable? — 1642–52, Governor Berkeley's first administration. — Relations with the Commonwealth. — 1652, Surrender to the commissioners of the Commonwealth. — 1652–58, Self-government under the Protectorate. — 1658–77, Berkeley's second administration. — 1671, Report to the Lords of Trade. — 1676–77, Causes of Bacon's Rebellion; course of the rebellion. -Social and constitutional changes proposed. Results of the rebellion.

General.-R. A. Brock, in Winsor, America, III, 146-153; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, I, 482, 483; II, 200–228, 290–318; III, 51– 58; Lodge, English Colonies, 12-24; Bancroft, United States (original edition), I, 209-252; II, 188–234, 246–256; (last revision), I, 135–153, 442-474; Hildreth, United States, I, 126–135, 209-215, 335-357, 509– 566.

Special. Doyle, Virginia, 185-256, and works (especially Charles Campbell's History) mentioned under § 97, except Chalmers. Also Meade, Old Churches and Families of Virginia, and Slaughter, Bristol Parish, St. George's Parish, and St. Mark's Parish; Neill, Virginia Carolorum; P. A. Bruce, The Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century.

Sources. The Articles of Surrender to the forces of the Commonwealth are in Hening, Statutes, I, 363, and in Virginia Historical Register, II. The history of the period from 1652–1658 is best studied in Hening, Statutes at Large. Documents relating to this subject will be found in Virginia Historical Register; Southern Literary Messenger ; Force, Tracts, II and III; and in Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, Second Series, I. Berkeley's Report is in Hening, Statutes, II, 511, and in Virginia Historical Register, III.— For Bacon's Rebellion, see Massachusetts Historical Society, Proceedings, IX, 299; 'Burk, Virginia, II, 247, and 250; Force, Tracts, I; Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, I, 55, and 167; Virginia Historical Register, III; Library of American Literature, I; Kercheval, History of the Valley of Virginia; Hening, Statutes at Large, II, 341–365, 543, and elsewhere.

Bibliography. Winsor, America, III, 164.

§ 100.]

Virginia.

§ 99. Provincial Virginia, 1688-1760.

253

Summary. Character of the period. — 1692, William and Mary College founded.— Commissary Blair.— The "paper towns.” -1710-22, Spotswood, governor. — 1736, First number of the Virginia Gazette. Settlement of the Shenandoah Valley. — The Dissenters, and their treatment. Population, extent, commerce, social life, and government in 1760.

General. — Campbell, Introduction, 100-117; Winsor, in his America, V, 263-270; Doyle, Virginia, I, 256-274; Lodge, English Colonies, 2440; Gay, Bryant's Popular History, III, 59-80; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), III, 25–29; (last revision), II, 17–20, 341; Hildreth, United States, II, 173-182, 208-210, 233-240, 326-329, 414.

Special. The histories of Virginia mentioned in §§ 97 and 98 (except Beverly), and Howison, History of Virginia; Virginia Historical Register; Southern Literary Messenger.

Sources. Hening, Statutes; Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, V; Maury, Memoirs of a Huguenot Family; Palmer, Calendar of Virginia State Papers; Hartwell, Blair, and Chilton, Present State of Virginia; Jones, Present State of Virginia, reprinted in Library of American Literature, II, 279; Peyton, History of Augusta County; W. H. Foote, Sketches of Virginia; The Official Letters of Governor Spotswood, 1710-22, are in Virginia Historical Society, Collections, I, II; Virginia Magazine of History and Biography; and Huguenot Papers, in Virginia Historical Society, Collections, V.

Bibliography.— Winsor, in his America, V, 273–284.

§ 100. Settlement of Maryland.

Summary. George Calvert, his career in England and early interest in American colonization; the Avalon colony; his visit to Virginia, and death. — 1632, Maryland granted to his son, Cecil, second Lord Baltimore. The Maryland charter; jurisdiction conferred, the Bishop of Durham and his diocese; boundaries of the colony; disputes with Virginia and with the Pennsylvania authorities. — 1634, Maryland settled; religious prejudices of the early colonists. Contentions with Clayborne. The object of the

Calverts in founding a colony. —Land system; development of representative institutions; disputes with the proprietary.

General. Doyle, Virginia, 275-313; Brantly, in Winsor, America, III, 517-543 (gives the Maryland version); Gay, Bryant's Popular History, I, 485-516; Lodge, English Colonies, 93–109; G. Bancroft, United States (original edition), I, 253–285; (last revision), I, 154–176; Hildreth, United States, I, 204-215.

Special. Bozman, History of Maryland (to 1660); Burnap, Life of Leonard Calvert, in Sparks's American Biography, XIX; Scharf, History of Maryland (the best compendious history); McSherry, Maryland; McMahon, History of Maryland (from a constitutional standpoint); Neill, Terra Maria; Chalmers, Annals; W. H. Browne, Georgius and Cecilius Calvert; E. D. Mill, The Founders of Maryland. See, also, §§ 23, 25, 29.

Sources. The Calvert Papers, in Maryland Historical Society, Fund Publications, Nos. 28, 34; Maryland Archives; A Relation of Maryland, London, 1635, reprinted 1865, in Library of American Literature, Historical Magazine, IX; White, Relatio Itineris, reprinted in translation in Force's Tracts, IV, and in Maryland Historical Society, Fund Publications, No. 7, and supplement; Archives of Maryland, edited by W. H. Browne; Bacon's Laws of Maryland. Cecil Calvert's Instructions are in Browne's Calverts, 46. — A translation of the Avalon charter is in Scharf's Maryland. - The Maryland charter in the original Latin is in Charters and Constitutions, I, 811; Hazard, Historical Collections, I, 327; and in English in Bacon's Laws; Preston, Documents, 62; Bozman, Maryland, II, 9; Scharf, Maryland, I, 53. For a discussion as to the southern boundary, see Report and Accompanying Documents of the Virginia Commission, 1893.

Bibliography. Brantly, in Winsor, America, III, 553–562.

§ 101. The Puritans in Maryland.

Summary. The charter and religion. - Was Maryland "a Roman Catholic colony"?- The coming of the Puritans. — 1649, The Toleration Act. - Why and by whom was it passed? Governor Stone. 1653-59, The Commonwealth and Maryland; Clayborne and Bennett. Maryland and the Quakers. — Fendall's and Coode's Rebellions. - 1692, Maryland a royal prov