Edward Payson Roe (1838-88), Near to Nature's Heart (Washington and Arnold); An Original Belle; His Sombre Rivals; Miss Lou (stories of the Civil War).

Horace Elisha Scudder (b. 1838), Stories and Romances (some of them relate to American history).

Catherine Maria Sedgwick (1789-1867), Hope Leslie; or, Early Times in the Massachusetts; The Linwoods (1770); Clarence; A New England Tale; Redwood.

William Gilmore Simms (1806–70), The Damsel of Darien (Balboa and the discovery of the Pacific); Vasconselos (De Soto in Florida); Lily and Totem (Huguenots in Florida); Cassique of Kioway (South Carolina, 1684); Yemassee (Indian conspiracy, 1715); The Partisan; Mellichampe; The Scout; Katharine Walton; The Forayers; The Eutaws (these six stories form a connected account of the Revolution in the South from the fall of Charleston to 1782).

Seba Smith (1792–1868), The Life and Letters of Major Jack Downing (time of Jackson). Boston, 1833.

[Mrs.] Harriet Beecher Stowe (b. 1812), Uncle Tom's Cabin; Dred, or, later, Nina Gordon (slavery in Kentucky); Mayflower (Connecticut life); The Minister's Wooing (Newport, first part of Nineteenth Century). William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-63), The Virginians.

Daniel Pierce Thompson (1795-1868), The Green Mountain Boys: A Historical Tale of the early Settlement of Vermont. 2 vols. Montpelier, 1839.

[Mrs.] Mary F. Spear Tiernan (1836-91), Homoselle (Virginia before the war).

[Mrs.] Nina Moore Tiffany, Pilgrims and Puritans; Stories of the Revolutionary Days in Boston.

John Townsend Trowbridge (b. 1827), Cudjo's Cave.

St. George Tucker, Hansford (Bacon's Rebellion).

Lewis Wallace (b. 1827), The Fair God (Astec civilization).

Mary Eleanor Wilkins, The Adventures of Ann: Stories of Colonial Times.

Albion Winegar Tourgée (b. 1838), Hot Plowshares; Figs and Thistles, a Romance of the Western Reserve; etc. (stories of western and southern life).

§ 36 b.]

Novels, Poems and Ballads.

141

§ 36 b. Poems and Ballads.

Frank Cowan, Southwestern Pennsylvania in Song and Story. Greensburg, 1878.

S. G. Drake, A Book of New England Legends and Folk-lore in Prose and Poetry. Boston, 1884.

E. A. and G. L. Duyckinck, editors, Ballads of the Old French War and Revolution (Cyclopædia of American Literature). N.Y., 1856. G. C. Eggleston, editor, American War-Ballads and Lyrics. N.Y. [1889].

Thomas D. English, American Ballads. N.Y., 1880.

2 vols.

William McCarty, editor, Songs, Odes, and other Poems on National Subjects. 3 vols. Phila., 1842.

Frank Moore, editor, Songs and Ballads of the American Revolution. N.Y., 1856.

Frank Moore, editor, Anecdotes, Poetry, and Incidents of the War, 1860-65. N.Y., 1865; The Civil War in Song and Story. N.Y., 1889; Songs and Ballads of the Southern People. N.Y., 1887.

Winthrop Sargent, editor, The Loyalist Poetry of the Revolution. Phila., 1857.

W. G. Simms, editor, War Poetry of the South. N.Y., 1867.

E. C. Stedman and E. M. Hutchinson, editors, Library of American Literature. N.Y., 1888.

Joel Barlow (1755-1812), Vision of Columbus. — In a later editon called The Columbiad.

Thomas Campbell (1777-1844), Gertrude of Wyoming. William Dunlap (1766-1839), André, a Tragedy in Five Acts. Timothy Dwight (1752-1817), Greenfield Hill (burning of Fairfield, 1779).

...

Philip Freneau (1752-1832), Poems (illustrative of the period 1774-1815).

Francis Hopkinson (1737–91), Battle of the Kegs.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-82), Skeleton in Armor (Northmen); The Courtship of Miles Standish; John Endicott; Giles Corey (Salem witchcraft); Evangeline (Acadia); Hiawatha; Paul Revere's Ride.

James Russell Lowell (1819–91), Columbus; The Biglow Papers; Commemoration Ode.

Margaret Preston (b. 1825), Colonial Ballads and Sonnets.

L. H. Sigourney (1791-1865), Pocahontas. Edmund Clarence Stedman (b. 1833), Peter Stuyvesant's New Year's Call; Alice of Monmouth (the Civil War).

John Greenleaf Whittier (1808-92), Cobbler Keezar's Vision; Passaconaway; Leaves from Margaret Smith's Journal; Skipper Ireson's Ride (early New England); The Witch of Wenham; The King's Missive (the Quakers, in Winsor's Memorial History of Boston, Vol. I); The Bridal of Pennacook; Mogg Megone (New England life); The Pennsylvania Pilgrims.

IV. WORKING LIBRARIES.

§ 37. Necessity of Working Libraries.

No proper work can be done in history by the use of a single book. The study resembles those scientific subjects, such as botany and physics, in which laboratory practice is an essential part of the instruction from the very beginning. The principle to

be observed is that the teacher's part is not to deal out knowledge, but to aid the pupils in getting their knowledge for themselves. Digests are not nutriment, and a text-book is to be considered an aid and not an end. Hence, if history is really to be taught at all, in every school there must be some collection of books. need not be large in order to get benefit from it; but it must be used.

It

In order to secure the use of a working library, it must be accessible all the school time, and if possible be made available at other hours. A shelf in the schoolroom, where the books stand in view all day, is the most convenient arrangement. Larger collections may need to be kept in a particular room, but it should be open as long as the building is open; and if the machinery of drawing books out and registering them seems necessary, it should be made as simple as possible. Pupils should be encouraged to carry books home over night. At the same time should be inculcated that reverence for the clean and unsoiled page which is a part of every proper education. To injure or to use up another's book should be included among the vices; while a child may be taught to make intelligent marginal notes and cross references on his own copy.

If the books are more than a hundred, some kind of catalogue is almost indispensable, and should be conspicuously placed. Large libraries should of course have two card catalogues, one by authors and another by subjects; and the making of a school catalogue may be an excellent experience for children.

College libraries have usually a system of cataloguing and a permanent librarian. Here it is of much consequence that the books on history be classified and kept together, and, if all the books are not open and accessible, a select historical library should be placed where it can be consulted at any time; and the use should be made as free and unrestricted as possible.

§ 38. Cheap Libraries.

The multiplication of brief but well-written books on American history makes it possible to select a few books which, taken together, cover the whole field of American history in some systematic fashion. In making up the lists below, care has been taken to include, so far as possible, books which balance each other, either by treating different phases of American history or by taking different sides on the same general question.

§ 38 a. Smallest Possible Collection.

Two good text-books selected out of the list in § 18. For example: H. E. Scudder, History of the United States for Schools; A. C. Thomas, History of the United States.

§ 38 b. A Five-Dollar Collection.

Edward Channing, The United States of America, 1765-1865. (Cambridge Historical series.) N.Y., Macmillan & Co., 1896.

John Fiske, School History of the United States. Boston, Houghton, 1894.

T. W. Higginson, Young Folks' History of the United States. N.Y., Longmans.

Alexander Johnston, History of the United States for Schools. N.Y., Holt, 1889.

Mary S. Sheldon and Earl Barnes, Studies in American History. Boston, Heath, 1893.

Albert Bushnell Hart, Epoch Maps illustrating American History. N.Y., Longmans, 1893.