Foundations

11 feet 25 cents 33 feet 50 cents abutments adopted air-lock apron arches Argenteuil beams Bordeaux bottom bridges at Paris built C. E. Illustrated caisson Cannon Street chamber of excavation clay cloth cofferdam compressed air constructed cost crete cubic yard cylinders deposited depth dredger dredging driven East River bridge edition engravings feet high feet in diameter feet long filled foundations framing GILLMORE Gorai bridge gravel head of water hydraulic HYPSOMETRY inch thick inclosed inside Inst iron Kehl layer of concrete lithographed plates load Loch Ken Lorient low-water level masonry cylinder Messrs method morocco NOSTRAND'S PUBLICATIONS Paper covers piers placed planks PRACTICAL TREATISE pressure Prof railway revised river bed rubble stones Saltash sand scour screw piles shaft sheeting sides silt silty sinking soil square yard STEAM stratum sunk supported timber tion tons twenty feet U. S. Navy VALVE viaduct watertight weight wood-cuts wooden Zerah Colburn