Navigation Laws, of 17th, and 18th
centuries, oppress the colonies,
199.

Nebraska, local government in,
290, 293.

Newcastle, Duke of, his connection
with parliamentary corruption in
18th century, 188.

New England, settlement of, 112;
its character changed by foreign
immigration, 277 (see also Mas-
sachusetts).

New Model, reconstituted army of
the English Commonwealth, 138.
New Shoreham, illustrates political
corruption of 18th century, 184.
Newspapers, the great, established
in middle of 18th century, their
good influence, 189.

New York, its early polity, 126; its
condition in 18th century, 193;
position and temper of, at outset
of American Revolution, 215; dif-
ficulties of government in city
of, 300.

New Zealand, mapped out by Cap-
tain Cook, 247; present condi-
tion of, 249.

New Zealand Herald, The, on an
English-speaking brotherhood,

348.

Non-conformists, their services to
freedom, 162; all Whigs, the
commercial class identified with,
largely recruited by immigrant
refugees from Catholic lands, 171;
their pro-American sympathies,
224.
Non-resistance, to arbitrariness of
kings, favorite theme of the
clergy in time of Charles II and
James II, 164.

Normandy, importance to Eng-
land of loss of, 46.
Normans, they land at Hastings,

27; their battle array, 32; their
danger, 34; their origin and
character, 38, 39.

North, Lord, on embarrassment
from pro-American feeling in

England in American Revolution,
222.

North Carolina, local government
in, since Civil War, 297.
Norway, adopts Anglo-Saxon in-
stitutions, 271.

Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, at Has-
tings, 34.

Ohio, early constitution of, 286;
of its local government, 293.
Old Sarum, as illustration of cor-
ruption in borough representa-
tion, 183.
Opposition, function of the, in
Responsible Government, 258.
Ordinances, royal, regarded under
Stuarts as superseding legisla-
tion, 106.

O'Reilly, John Boyle, his poem at
Plymouth, Aug. 1, 1889, quoted,
112, 369.

Oxford, illustrates political corrup-
tion of 18th century, 184.

Parish, rises in importance, 113,

114; its form when transplanted
to Virginia, 119; unchanged in
American Revolution, 237.
Parkes, Sir Henry, on an English-
speaking fraternity, 344; on the
superiority of the Chinese, 355.
Parliament of 1265, 57; of 1295, 60;
how related to the witenagemote,
63; how constituted under Ed-
ward I, 64; division into two
Houses in 1341, 68; good Parlia-
ment of 1376, 69; its hostility to
the peasants in 1380, 79; deposes
Richard II and elects Henry IV,
its great power under Henry IV,
its aristocratic temper, 81; reac-
tionary in spirit in middle of
15th century, 85, etc.; shrinks
into an oligarchy, 88; loses power
under the Tudors, 98; described by
Sir Thomas Smith, 100; its spirit
rises under the Stuarts, 107; Short
and Long, 131; passes Grand Re-
monstrance, November, 1641, ar-

Charters, colonial, originally incor-
porations of trading companies,
"perverted" into constitutions,
195, 234; of mediæval guilds,
their relation to the Rigid Con-
stitution, 234.

Chatham, Pitt, Earl of, his speech
on the Stamp Act, 208; his posi-
tion not that of the colonists, 213;
strongly their friend, believes
their cause that of the English|
Whigs, 221; thought English free-
dom was saved by the American

Revolution, 222.

China, possible perils from, to An-
glo-Saxon freedom, 354, etc.
Christian, commentator on Black-
stone, cited, 232, 262.

Church, in early times protects the
people, 49, 94, 95; under Henry
VIII divorced from Rome and
made Anglican, 95; its subser-
viency under Henry VIII, 96,
97; sanctions the jus divinum |
under the Stuarts, 104; its char-
acter under Laud, 108; its devo-
tion to royalty at the Restoration,
163; at first sustains James II,
165; sides with the Tories, 170;
hostile to Reform Bill of 1832,
254.

Church, Alfred, his "Henry V"
cited, 83.

Cities, their satisfactory adminis-

tration in England, 261; their
size and multiplication in the
United States, 299; difficulties
of their government, 300, 301;
suggestions as to improvement
of, 302, etc.; ideas as to, of Hon.
Seth Low, 302, etc.; grounds for
a hopeful view, 304, etc.
Civil War, English, breaks out
1642, the parties, 134, 136.
Cobden, on a reformed upper House
for Parliament, 261.

illustration of the essential iden-
tity of English-speaking men,
318, etc.
Colonies, the Thirteen, their estab-
lishment in America, 110, etc.;
their condition in the middle of
the 18th century, 192, etc.; they
claim to owe allegiance to King,
not Parliament, but are not con-
sistent, 196; the ecclesiastical
grievance, 197; the commercial
grievance, 198; their welfare sac-
rificed to English advantage, 200;
assert through Franklin, in 1766,
allegiance to King, but not Par-
liament, 202; doubt as to their
constitutional position, 202, 203;
effect upon, of fall of Quebec,
203; exasperated by Grenville's
policy, 204, etc.; their position
not that of Pitt and Camden, 213;
superior in political wisdom to
the mother-country, 214; influ-
enced by a discreditable reason
partly, united by the Stamp Act
in resistance to England, 217;
patriots in, embarrassed by the
number of Tories, 225; become
the United States with small con-
stitutional change, 235; the new
colonial empire managed on dif-
ferent principles, 246; how con-
stituted, 246, etc., 264; Sir T.
Erskine May on freedom of, 268.
Comines, Philippe de, on English
parliamentary government in
15th century, 84.
Comitatus (see Gesith).
Commercial class, rises in impor-
tance, for the most part non-
conformists, recruited by foreign
immigrants, 171; tends to plutoc-
racy, 175; its good influence
as regards freedom, 198; its
selfish treatment of the colonies,
199.

free ideas, 251.

Colonial exhibition of 1886, scene

at opening of, 269, 270; as an

national council in 13th century,
57; representation fully estab
lished under Edward I, 60.

Commons, House of, definitely sep-
arated from House of Lords, 68;
becomes the active and aggres-
sive force of Parliament, 81;
ceases to be fairly representa-
tive, 85; its character depressed
by restriction of the franchise,
86; preponderates over House
of Lords under the Tudors, 98;
gains in spirit under Elizabeth,
103; journal of, cited, 150, 154;
abolishes kingship and House of
Lords, 1649, 164; its decline in
character during 18th century,
175; a majority of, returned by
154; individuals, 186; people de-
clare it not representative of
them, 189; furnishes model for
United States House of Repre-
sentatives, 240; worst corruption
of, in 1816, 252; supremacy of,
established in 1832, becomes then
truly representative, 255; its pres-
ent omnipotence in English poli-
tics, 262 (see also Parliament).
Commonwealth, English, its birth,
career, and overthrow, 154, etc.
Congress, its resemblance to Par-
liament, 240, 241.

Connecticut, agreement of the
towns Hartford, Wethersfield,
and Windsor, as related to a
Rigid Constitution, 234.
Constitution, Federal, of the United
States, uniqueness of the idea,
232; its value in a polity, 233;
its origin, 234; its provisions of
English derivation, 235, 236;
the President the King of the
18th century, 238; Electoral
College borrowed from Holy
Roman Empire, 239; Congress
from Parliament, 240; Supreme
Court from English precedents,
241; admiration for, of Sir H.
Maine, 244; substantially un-
changed since 1789, 274; a sim-
ilar one some day expedient
for England, 263; enthusiastic
celebration of its centennial as in-

dicating respect for it, 327, 328;
summary of, Appendix D.
Convocation, assembly of the
Church, approves absolutism un-
der James I, 104.
Cook, Captain James, explores
coasts of Australasia, 247.
Coote, H. C., his "Romans of
Britain" cited, 16, 17 (note).
Coroner, elected in the shire-moot,
115.

Corruption, of Parliament, in 18th
century, 177, etc.; in American
cities, 300, etc.; Dilke's hopeful
view as to its disappearance
in English-speaking world, 307
(note).

Cortes, the national assembly of

Spain, 62; overthrown in 16th
century, 103.

Cotton and Payne, their "English
Colonization and Dependence"
quoted, 272.

County, unimportant in New Eng-
land, 118; important in Virginia,
its organization, 120; scene at
court of, 121; important in Penn-
sylvania, 127; not changed at
Revolution, 237 (see also Shire).
County Councils, established in
England in 1888, significance of,
260.

County system, of local self-govern-
ment in America, 277; prevailed
until Civil War generally in the
South, 294, etc.

Cowell, his "Interpreter" advo-
cates jus divinum under James
I, 104.

Creighton, M., his "Simon de Mont-
fort" quoted, 58.
Cromwell, Oliver, named "Iron-
side" by Prince Rupert at Mars-
ton Moor, at Naseby, 138; at first
not in favor of popular govern-
ment, 144; reconciled with the
army December, 1647, 145; his
prowess in 1648, 147; his Irish
campaign, danger at Dunbar,
157; victorious there and at Wor-