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SURVEYOR, STATE, see State Engineer and Surveyor.

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TAXATION-cities and villages to be restricted in..

TOWN-debts, except for town purposes, not to con

TOWN OFFICERS-to be elected or appointed..

state debts, for interest and principal of..

exemption from, not to be granted.

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANIES-frank

ing privileges by, prohibited, etc.. TESTIMONY-in equity cases, how taken.. THREE-FIFTHs-necessary for a quorum.. TITLE OF BILLS-local and private...

tract....

debts for improvement of highways, sinking
fund for..

money or credit, not to loan.

stocks or bonds, not to become owner of.

TRANSPORTATION-free, prohibited, etc.....

TREASON-execution of sentence for, governor may

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suspend.

legislature may pardon.

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TREASURER-canal board, member of..

canal fund, commissioner of..

compensation of, not to receive fees.

election and term of office of...

first election of....

governor, may be suspended by.

land office, commissioner of..

vacancy, how filled.

TREASURY-no money to be paid from, without appropriation..

TWO-THIRDS-of all elected to pass certain bills........ of all present, on bill returned by governor.

to change mode of electing militia officers..

UNITED STATES DEPOSIT FUND-income of,

how applied.....

officers, not to hold seat in legislature..

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK-corpora

tion continued, etc...

how governed...

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VACANCY IN OFFICE-judge of court of appeals.

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VILLAGES-bonds and stock, not to become owners

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116

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VOTES-certain, for members of legislature, void...
VOTING, absentee....

WATERS OF STATE-on forest preserve lands...
WEIGHING-Offices for, abolished...

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES-standard of, how supplied.
WESTCHESTER COUNTY-governing body...

WITNESS-bribery, persons charged with, may be,
in own behalf.

criminal cases, not to testify against himself.
persons offering bribe, not privileged from testi-
fying as to...

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religious belief, not incompetent on account of..
unreasonably detained, not to be.

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WORKMEN-compensation for injury to or death of.

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160.

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bonus for soldiers,

sailors

marines in...

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145

YEAR-political and legislative terms.
YEAS AND NAYS, see Ayes and Noes.

10 6

154

CHRONOLOGY.

1492 Columbus discovers America.

1497 Conjectured voyage of the Cabots.

1498

1524

Discovery of Verrazano.

1525 Gomez calls the Hudson River " San Antonio."

1609 Champlain enters New York from Canada; Hudson enters

1611 1614

New York Bay.

Christiansen and Block sail for Manhattan.

Fort Nassau built on Castle Island below Albany; the " Onrust" launched; Amsterdam merchants given a trading charter for "New Netherland."

1615 Champlain invades New York a second time.

1617

Treaty of Tawasentha " near Albany.

1620 Puritans refused right to settle in New Netherland.

1621

Dutch West India Company chartered.

1624 Mey sent out as Director; Dutch and Walloons settle Albany; Fort Orange built.

1625 Verhulst succeeds Mey as Director.

1626 Minuit arrives as the first " Director-General of New Netherland; " Manhattan Island bought for $23; block house and palisades built and called Fort Amsterdam.

1627 Friendly relations with Plymouth established.

1629

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Charter of Privileges to "Patroons granted by West India
Company.

1630 Patroonship of Rensselaerwyck at Fort Orange established by
Kilian van Rensselaer; Patroonship of Pavonia created.
1632 Patroons quarrel with Company; England claims New Nether-

land.

1633 Van Twiller made Director-General.

1634 West India Company buys back Pavonia.

1638 Kieft arrives as Director-General.

1639

New Charter of Privileges granted colonists. 1640 English purchase tracts in Kings and Queens counties from Indians; Kieft sends armed force against Raritan Indians. 1641 Council of people called by Governor Kieft; "Twelve Men appointed first-representative assembly; war declared against

savages.

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1642 Kieft dismisses 'Twelve Men;" church built in the fort at New Amsterdam; city tavern erected.

1643 Massacre of Indians by whites; colonists attacked in turn; Hempstead begun by English from Stamford; the "Eight Men" summoned.

1644 New Haven helps New Amsterdam in war on Indians; massacre of Long Island Indians.

1645 General peace concluded on Bowling Green; Flushing settled by English.

1646

1647

1652

Yonkers started.

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Kieft replaced by Stuyvesant as Director-General; Nine
Men" organized; Dutch and English boundaries settled.
Esopus settled by Thomas Chambers.

1653 City government at Manhattan, earliest within U. S.;

Re

monstrance " of the eight towns called at New Amsterdam. 1654 English intrigue to conquer the Dutch; Oswego settled. General Indian outbreak quelled.

1655

1658

1659

1661

1663

1664

1665

1668

1670

Kingston (Esopus) begun.

War with the Esopus Indians.

Schenectady settled -land purchased from Indians.
Second Esopus War.

New Netherland granted to the Duke of York by Charles II;
Popular Assembly called; New Netherland surrenders to
the English.

"Duke's Laws" promulgated by Nicolls, first English Governor of New York; powers of taxation in Governor and Council. Lovelace succeeds Nicolls.

First New York exchange established.

1672 War between England and Holland.

1673

Dutch recaure New York; first postal service in America. 1674 By treaty England regains New York; Andros appointed

1678 1679

Governor.

The "Bolting Act" gives New York the flour monopoly. Indian slavery abolished; Fort Niagara built by La Salle. 1683 Dongan made Governor; first elected representative Assembly called; "Charter of Liberties" granted; ten counties created within present New York.

1686

New York and New England consolidated; City of Albany incorporated, Peter Schuyler first Mayor.

1688 Dongan replaced by Andros.

1689

Union of England and New York dissolved.

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