and it is one, from which they cannot be extricated by their individual exertions. May not, then, the only plan which promises to relieve them expect their vigorous support? "Let us now proceed to inquire what benefits would result from the establishment of female seminaries. "They would constitute a grade of public education, superior to any yet known in the history of our sex; and, through them, the lower grades of female instruction might be controlled. The influence of public seminaries over these would operate in two ways; first, by requiring certain qualifications for entrance; and secondly, by furnishing instructresses, initiated in their modes of teaching, and imbued with their maxims. "Female seminaries might be expected to have important and happy effects on common schools in general; and, in the manner of operating on these, would probably place the busi-_ness of teaching children in hands now nearly useless to society; and take it from those whose services the state wants in many other ways. "That nature designed for our sex the care of children, she has made manifest, by mental as well as physical indications. She has given us, in a greater degree than men, the gentle arts of insinuation, to soften their minds, and fit them to receive impressions; a greater quickness of invention to vary modes of teaching to different dispositions; and more patience to make repeated efforts. There are many females of ability, to whom the business of instructing children is highly acceptable, and who would devote all their faculties to their occupation. They would have no higher pecuniary object to engage their attention, and their reputation as instructors they would consider as important whereas, whenever able and enterprizing men engage in this business, they consider it merely as a temporary employment, to further some other object, to the attainment of which their best thoughts and calculations are all directed. If, then, women were properly fitted by instruction, they would be likely to teach children better than the other sex; they could afford to do it cheaper; and those men who would otherwise be engaged in this employment, might be at liberty to add to the wealth of the nation, by any of those thousand occupations from which women are necessarily debarred." "Females have been exposed to the contagion of wealth without the preservative of a good education; and they constitute that part of the body politic, least endowed by nature to resist, most to communicate it. Nay, not merely have they been left without the defence of a good education, but their corruption has been accelerated by a bad one. The character of women of rank and wealth has been, and in the old governments of Europe now is, all that this statement would lead us to expect. Not content with doing nothing to promote their country's welfare, like pampered children, they revel in its prosperity, and scatter it to the winds, with a wanton profusion: and still worse, they empoison its source, by diffusing a contempt for useful labour. To court pleasure is their business, within her temple, in defiance of the laws of God and man, they have erected the idol fashion; and upon her altar, they sacrifice, with shameless rites, whatever is sacred to virtue or religion. Not the strongest ties of nature-not even maternal love can restrain them! Like the worshipper of Moloch, the mother, while yet yearning over the new born babe, tears it from the bosom which God has swelled with nutrition for its support, and casts it remorseless from her, the victim of her unhallowed devotion ! "But while, with an anguished heart, I thus depict the crimes of my sex, let not the other stand by and smile. Reason declares, that you are guiltier than we. You are our natural guardians, our brothers, our fathers, and our rulers. You know that our ductile minds, readily take the impressions of education. Why, then, have you neglected our education? Why have you looked with lethargic indifference on circumstances ruinous to the formation of our characters, which you might have controlled ?” "The inquiry to which these remarks have conducted us is this-What is offered by the plan of female education, here proposed, which may teach, or preserve, among females of wealthy families, that purity of manners, which is allowed to be so essential to national prosperity, and so necessary to the existence of a republican government. "1. Females by having their understandings cultivated, their reasoning powers developed and strengthened, may be expected to act more from the dictates of reason, and less from those of fashion and caprice. "2. With minds thus strengthened, they would be taught systems of morality, enforced by the sanctions of religion; and they might be expected to acquire juster and more enlarged views of their duty, and stronger and higher motives to its formance. per "3. This plan of education offers all that can be done to preserve female youth from a contempt of useful labour. The pupils would become accustomed to it, in conjunction with the high objects of literature, and the elegant pursuits of the fine arts; and it is to be hoped that, both from habit and association, they might in future life regard it as respectable. To this it may be added, that if housewifery could be raised to a regular art, and taught upon philosophical principles, it would become a higher and more interesting occupation; and ladies of fortune, like wealthy agriculturists, might find, that to regulate their business was an agreeable employment. 4. The pupils might be expected to acquire a taste for moral and intellectual pleasures, which would buoy them above a passion for show and parade, and which would make them seek to gratify the natural love of superiority, by endeavouring to excel others in intrinsic merit, rather than in the extrinsic frivolities of dress, furniture, and equipage. "5. By being enlightened in moral philosophy, and in that which teaches the operations of the mind, females would be enabled to perceive the nature and extent of that influence which they possess over their children, and the obligation which this lays them under, to watch the formation of their characters with unceasing vigilance, to become their instructors, to devise plans for their improvement, to weed out the vices from their minds, and to implant and foster the virtues. And, surely, there is that in the maternal bosom, which, when its pleadings shall be aided by education, will overcome the seductions of wealth and fashion, and will lead the mother to seek her happiness in communing with her children, and promoting their welfare, rather than in a heartless intercourse with the votaries of pleasure: especially, when, with an expanded mind, she extends her views to futurity, and sees her care to her offspring rewarded by peace of conscience, the blessings of her family, the prosperity of her country, and finally, with everlasting happiness to herself and them.” ARTICLE V. CASE IN WHICH CHARACTER WAS INFERRED FROM CEREBRAL DEVELOPMENT. A CAST of the head of A. B. was sent to Mr Combe of Edinburgh, accompanied by the information that the individual was forty-one years of age when it was taken,-that he was educated, and that his temperament was nervous-lymphatic. A sketch of the natural character was requested. The development indicated by the cast was as follows: 1. Amativeness, rather large. 7. Secretiveness, ditto. 8. Acquisitiveness, full. 9. Constructiveness, rather large. 10. Self-esteem, large. 11. Love of approbation, large. 13. Benevolence, very large. 14. Veneration, large. 15. Firmness, full. 16. Conscientiousness, rather large. 17. Hope, large. 18. Wonder, moderate. 19. Ideality, rather full. 20. Wit, moderate. 21. Imitation, large. 22. Individuality, rather large. 23. Form, rather large. 24. Size, full. 25. Weight, rather full. 26. Colouring, moderate. 27. Locality, rather large. 28. Number, mod. or rather small. 29. Order, moderate. 30. Eventuality, full. 31. Time, full. 32. Tune, mod. or rather full. 34. Comparison, large. 35. Causality, large. Size of Anterior Lobe, large; portion of brain above Cautiousness, large; ditto above Causality, very large; Temperament, nervous-lymphatic. Mr Simpson, without having learnt the gentleman's name, drew up from these materials, and the cast itself, the following observations. "Character of A. B., inferred from development. “The size of the head indicates more than average power of character, and the temperament considerable activity, with liability to intervals of indolence. The direction of the character, generally, is essentially moral and intellectual. The animal part is strong enough for a sufficient manifestation of all its purposes, and to give a basis of strength and energy; but it is under due control by the moral sentiments and intellectual powers. There is a due estimate of self in this individual, with perfect confidence in his own opinions and actions, and at the same time considerable interest in what is thought of him by others. Love of praise, and an impression that when bestowed it is due with the elements of ambition-are inferred from the development. "The character is honourable and fair, and eminently kind and generous. Exertions, and even money, will not be spared to do good to others; and solicitation is with difficulty withstood. There are the elements of hospitality. The domestic feelings -of love, love of children, and attachment to friends, are all strong. "The intellect is much above average in the reflecting region. The reasoning powers are great, and the powers of concentrated continuous thinking remarkable, provided the subject of thought is agreeable; if the contrary, there will be a difficulty in persevering in it.. This power of concentrative thinking adds much to the products of the reflecting intellect, both in quantity and quality. The capacity of acquiring knowledge by observation is considerable, though not equal to the reflecting power. The historical memory, or that which stores events or things that happen, is not so vivid and retentive. The power of putting the thoughts into words is great, and will give great command of language; and the talent of undisturbed steady thinking, even amidst distracting occurrences, should give power of extemporaneous reply in debate. The eloquence will be un adorned and argumentative, with more logic in it than either wit or imagery. If there is eloquence, it will be the eloquence of the sentiments of Justice, Mercy, Hope, and Veneration. That the faculties should have manifested themselves in public speaking, however, depends upon the profession and circumstances. The power exists, and that is all that Phrenology undertakes to point out. "There should be some talent for drawing, though little for colouring. Interest will be felt in landscape. The powers of arithmetic and music do not appear to be great. The manner will generally be sedate and rather mild, without much elegance; but there will be a sensible plainness, and what may be called on the whole a weight of character. Nevertheless, the animal part, or base of the brain, being considerable, the individual may be easily excited to its peculiar manifestations; so that, occasionally, he may exhibit some degree of spirit; but such feelings will be short-lived, as the sentiments and intellect must almost habitually predominate." These remarks were put into the hands of two intimate friends of the gentleman in question, who thus expressed their opinion regarding them : 6 "The paper headed Character of A. B., inferred from the development,' and signed J. S.,' with date Edinburgh, August 29. 1832,' has filled me with agreeable surprise. I have been very sceptic on the subject of Phrenology. Though I never doubted the connection of the brain with the intellectual faculties and moral tendencies of each individual, yet. I thought it impossible to trace the particular phenomena to their sources in that organ. In this state of doubt I continued till I read Mr Combe's work on Man. The clear analysis of the mental powers which I found there (though I had missed it in the books of the metaphysicians), convinced me that the phrenologist did not build his system in the air. These were clear proofs to me that he followed some natural index, which not only directed his observation, but contained in itself a principle of order for the arrangement and classification of the results to which it led him. "The delineation of the character of A. B. has given me great confidence in the truth of my conclusion. A few features of the picture may be objected to by some friends of the individual. But this will probably originate in the imperfection of language when applied to distinguish moral shades of colouring. As to myself, I must declare that, in J. S.'s description, I behold a striking portrait of a man whom I have long observed in the freedom of intimate friendship. Had not the phrenologist been confident in the power of his natural index, he would have avoided detail. But he has entered boldly upon the most mi |